陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习

陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习一、陈述句陈述句就是叙述一件事情后者表达一种看法的句子。陈述句的分类陈述句可以分为肯定式和否定式两种。1.肯定式第一种：主语+谓语+其他，如Lucylikesplayingsports.Iamsinging.MyfatherwenttoBeijinglastweek.Shecanridethebike.第二种：主语+系动词+表语，如：Thisroomisempty.Wearegoodfriends.2.否定式陈述句的否定式有以下三种：第一种就是Be动词加，后面not构成否定句。如：lisaisnotastudentTherewerenotatschoolyesterday.第二种就是实义动词，而且没有情态动词或助动时，要用“do/dose/did+not构成否定。如：Idon’tlikemusic.Thefarmerdidnotwanttofeedtherabbit.第三种：谓语动词为“助动词、情态动词+实义动词”时，要用“助动词/情态动词+not”构成否定。如：Iamnotgoingtoplaycomputergames.Harrymustnotgotoschoolatnight.Wecannotgohikingwithyouthisweekend.二、疑问句分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。1.一般疑问句通常以be,have,助动词或情态动词开头，回答时用Yes,No,朗读时要用升调。2.特殊疑问句是对句子某一部分的疑问句。特殊疑问句的句式是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。疑问词有who,whom,whose,what,when,why,where,how等。如：whoisourclassmate?WhatdoesKatedoonSundays?Whosecatisit?whichbagwilltheybuy?Whendidhegoout?Whydon’twegotogether?Wherewereyoulastnight?Howareyoutoday?3.选择疑问句的结构是提供两种或两种以上的情况，供对方进行选择回答的句子。选择疑问句的句式是：一般疑问句+or+可选择部分。如：aretheapplesredorgreen?选择疑问句的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问句+or+可选择部分。如：whichgirlistaller,SallyorJessica?选择疑问句的回答和特殊疑问句一样，不能用yes或no，要根据实际情况回答。朗读时，选择疑问句在or前面的部分要用升调，句末要读降调。4.反义疑问句的句式有两种，一种是：肯定句陈述句+否定结构的反意疑问句是在陈述句的后面，对陈述句所说的实施或看法提出疑问的句子。附加疑问句。如：youknowhim,don’tyou?另一种是：否定陈述句+肯定结构的附加疑问句。如：Sandycan’tspeakingEnglish,canhe?反义疑问句也要用yes或No来回答。如果陈述句部分的内容是事实，就用yes回答，后面相应的用肯定结构；如果陈述句部分的内容不是事实，就用no来回答，后面跟否定结构。在翻译时要注意yes和no的意思。如：youknowhim,don’tyou?Yes,Ido.(是，我认识。)No，Idon’t(不，我不认识)Sandycan’tspeakEnglish,canhe?Yes,hecan.(不，他会。)No，hecan’t.(是的，他不会。)在朗读时，陈述句部分用降调，附加疑问可以升也可以降。三、祈使句1.什么是祈使句用来表示请示、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫做祈使句。如：Sitdown,please.Becareful!2.祈使句的分类根据用途和功能，祈使句可以分为以下几类表请求。如：Closethewindow,please.表命令。如Stoptalking!表提醒或警告。如：Lookout!Thecariscoming.表邀请。如：Helpyourselftosomefish.表示禁止。如：Don’tspit!Noparking!四、感叹句的结构小学阶段的感叹句主要有how和what引导两种。1.How感叹句的结构：how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语，如：hownicethebootsare!2.what感叹句的结构：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语，如：whataprettygirlsheis!但是如果是可数名词复数或不可数名词，就可以去掉句中的a/an.如：Whatexpensivepenstheseare!Whatpleasantweatheritis!巩固练习基础题()1.Whereistheman?A.UnderthetreeB.At10:00C.ReadabookD.Mymother()2.Howdoyougotoschool?A.At8:00B.IC.TodayD.Bybike()3.What’he?A.WorkingB.HisfatherC.AthomeD.Ateacher.()4.Whattimedoyougetupeveryday?A.AthomeB.HeC.CleanmybedroomD.At7:00()5.What_____shedothismorning?A.isB.doesC.doD.did()6.How______youdo?A.areB.isC.doD.did()7.Whichisbetter,theredone_____theblueone?A.andB.orC.butD.so()8.________areyou?Wonderful!A.HowB.WhatC.WhoD.Where()9._________isittoday?It’sMonday.A.WhatdateB.WhatdayC.WhattimeD.Whatlanguage()10.________shallwego?Inthemoring.A.WhenB.WhoC.WhereD.How()11.Excuseme,canyoutellme______togettotheNo.1MiddleSchool?A.whereB.whichC.whyD.how()12.____gotthe100thgoldmetalintheOlympicsforChina?-ZhangYining.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhenD.Where()13____areyoutalkingabout?WearetalkingabouttheAsiaGamesinGuangzhou.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhyD.How()14.______doyouvisityouruncle?-onceaweek.A.HowlongB.HowmanyC.HowoftenD.Howsoon()15.Excuseme!________isthenearestbookshop?Godownthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcorner?A.howB.whatC.whereD.who()16.______isatickerforthefilmHackerHe?Aboutfortyyuan.A.HowoldB.HowmanyC.HowmuchD.Howoften()17.—______areyougoing?—I’mgoingtothelibrary.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhatD.Where()18.______?It’seight.A.WhatdayisitB.What’sfiveandthreeC.HowoldareyouD.What’syourtelephonenumber()19.______shallwemeetinthepark?Whatabouthalfpasteight?A.WhatB.WhenC.WhereD.Which()20.______ayeardoesyourschoolhavesportsmeetings?Twiceayear.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.Howmanytimes提高题()1.______areyougoingtobeinthefuture?Iwanttobeaperson_____YangLiwei.A.How,likeB.How,asC.What,likeD.What,as()2.______willyourfatherbeback?.A.HowlongB.howoftenC.HowsoonD.Howwide()3.----________sweateristhis?----Ithinkit’sPeter’s.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Whose()4.------_____istheConfucianTemple(孔庙)fromhere?------It’sabout10minuters’walk.A.HowmanyB.HowlongC.HowmuchD.Howfar()5.-----______mayIkeepthesebook?-----twoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon()6.----______isitfromheretoYanchengRailwayStation?----Abouttwokilometers.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowsoonD.Howlong()7.----_______willtheforeignstudentsbebackfromNanJing.----Intwodays,Ithink.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howfast()8.----____________?---Theonebehindthetree.A.WhosegirlB.Who’sthatgirlC.WhichgirlD.Where’sthegirl()9.______thepopulationofchina?A.HowmanyB.WhatC.How’sD.What’s()10._______isshe?A.WhomB.WhoC.WhichD.When()11.________isthebest,Tom,JackorTim?A.WhichB.WhoC.WhomD.What()12._______milkdoyouneed?-Threecups.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.WhatD.Where()13.—______?—I’vegotaheadacheandacough.A.What’syourtrouble?B.What’swrongwithit?C.CanIhelpyou?D.Howareyou?()14.______teadidyouhave?Twocups.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowsoonD.Which()15.______?Behindthetree.A.WhosegirlB.Who’sthatgirlC.WhichgirlD.Where’sthegirl()1.________thepriceofthepen?It’stwoyuan.A.WhatB.HowC.what’sD.What’s()2.Whoseroomisthis?A.HeB.himC.theirsD.they()3.Where______youjustnow?A.wasB.areC.doD.were()4.Who________bestinhisclass?A.danceB.dancingC.dancesDisdance()5.Howmany________arethere?A.peoplesB.peopleC.sheepsD.meat()6.Couldyoutellme,how_______tothebank?A.goB.goesC.wentD.togo()7._____