磨床PLC控制系统设计

本科生毕业设计（论文）题目：磨床PLC控制系统设计姓名：学号：学院：电气工程与自动化学院专业：电气工程与自动化（电气方向）年级：指导教师：（签名）20XX年6月1日I磨床PLC控制系统设计摘要磨床是利用磨具对工件表面进行磨削加工的机床。普通磨床的电气系统由液压系统、砂轮、冷却泵和电磁吸盘以及照明电路部分组成。随着在现代化工业生效率的不断提升，磨床在加工精度、自动化程度、加工的集约性等方面的要求不断提高，传统磨床难以满足现代化的加工工艺要求。传统磨床在控制方面采用继电器—接触器电气控制系统过于复杂繁琐，且由于触点多、故障率高、可靠性差、体积大等缺点，正逐渐被淘汰。可编程控制器PLC是微机技术与传统的继电接触控制技术相结合的产物，它克服了继电接触控制系统中的机械触点的接线复杂、可靠性低、功耗高、通用性和灵活性差的缺点，充分利用了微处理器的优点。利用PLC控制磨床运行，使线路得到简化，可靠性提高，响应速度明显加快，精确度更准确；实现了磨床启动、停止、故障停止、紧急停止的功能，可根据运行要求灵活切换磨床的控制方式；提供过载，轻载，断相和电压不平衡保护；现场显示运行状态，实现智能化监控。节省大量的继电器元件,使机床的工作效率更高。本文以M7120平面磨床为例，主要介绍对磨床控制系统的PLC改造。关键词：平面磨床，PLC，控制系统IIGrindingMachinePLCControlSystemDesignABSTRACTThegrinderistheuseofabrasiveontheworkpiecesurfacegrindingmachinetool.Plaingrindingmachineelectricalsystemfromthehydraulicsystem,thegrindingheel,coolingpumpandelectromagneticsuckerandlightingcircuitpart.Inmodernindustrialproductionefficiencywithrising,grinderintheprocessingprecision,automation,suchasprocessingintensiverequirementscontinuetoincrease,thetraditionalgrindingmachinecannotmeettherequirementsofmodernprocessingtechnology.Intraditionalgrindingincontrolusingarelay-contactorelectricalcontrolsystemistoocomplicated,andbecausethecontactnumber,highfailurerate,lowreliability,largevolumeandothershortcomings,aregraduallybeingphasedout.PLCisthecomputertechnologyandtraditionalrelaycontactcontroltechnologycombinedwiththeproduct,ithasovercometherelaycontactcontrolsysteminmechanicalcontactofthecomplexwiring,lowreliability,highpowerconsumption,universalityandflexibilityoftheshortcomingsofthepoor,makefulluseoftheadvantagesofamicroprocessor.UseofPLCcontrolgrindingmachinerunning,sothecircuitissimplified,improvedreliability,responsespeedtobeacceleratedapparently,theaccuracyismoreaccurate;thegrinderstart,stop,failuretostop,emergencystopfunction,beundertheoperationalrequirementsofthecontrolswitchgrinderflexible;withlightload,overload,openphaseandvoltageunbalanceprotection;fielddisplayrunningstate,intelligentmonitoringandsavealotofrelaycomponents.Themachinehashigherworkingefficiency.BasedontheM7120planegrindingmachineasanexample,introducesthegrindingmachinecontrolsystem'sPLCtransformation.Keywords:surfacegrindingmachine，PLC，controlsystemIII目录摘要..........................................................................................................................IABSTRACT...............................................................................................................II第1章绪论.................................................................................................................11.1课题的背景及其意义....................................................................................11.2课题研究的现状及发展趋势........................................................................11.2.1平面磨床发展现状.............................................................................11.2.2发展呈现三大变化..............................................................................2第2章M7120平面磨床的结构及功能......................................................................32.1平面磨床的主要结构及运动方式................................................................32.1.1M7120平面磨床的主要结构..............................................................32.1.2M7120平面磨床的运动形式..............................................................32.2M7120平面磨床的电力拖动特点及控制特点.............................................42.2.1电力拖动特点.....................................................................................42.2.2M7120磨床控制特点..........................................................................42.3M7120平面磨床的电气控制.........................................................................4第3章磨床PLC电气控制系统设计.........................................................................63.1总体设计方案说明.........................................................................................63.2电气元件分析.................................................................................................63.3PLC控制系统设计.........................................................................................83.3.1PLC的选型..........................................................................................83.3.2PLC控制系统的I/O点分配..............................................................93.3.4PLC控制系统的外部接线图............................................................103.3.5M7120平面磨床PLC控制流程图.....................................................113.3.6PLC控制程序设计............................................................................13第4章M7120平面磨床PLC控制系统的仿真........................................................17结论.............................................................................................................................18参考文献.....................................................................................................................19谢辞.............................................................................................................................20磨床PLC控制系统设计1第1章绪论1.1课题的背景及其意义在十八世纪初，为了适应自行车、钟表、枪械和缝纫机等零件淬硬后的加工，美国、英国和德国分别研制出了使用天然磨料作为砂轮的磨床。这些磨床是在当时已有的机床如刨床、车床等上面加装磨头改制而成