英语语法定语从句详解

定语从句：是指在复合句中，修饰或的从句.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“”.引导定语从句的词叫“”名词代词先行词关系词HowmanykindsofAttributiveClausesarethere?定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词关系词作用1.代替先行词;２.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句.（把主句和从句连起来）关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质-代替先行词amachinethemachineJointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质-代替先行词amachinethat/which关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.herThegirl关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.whoThegirl关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.whoThegirl关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.whoThegirl关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.whoThegirl关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.whoThegirl关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.whoThegirl关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.whoThegirl关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.who/whom/thatThegirl注意避免重复关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:Ihaveafriend.Hisfatherisadoctor.关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:Ihaveafriend.Hisfatherisadoctor.Ihaveafatherisadoctor.hisafriend关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:Ihaveafriend.Hisfatherisadoctor.Ihaveafatherisadoctor.whoseafriend关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:Iliketheroom.Theroom'swindowfacethesea.关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:Iliketheroom.Theroom'swindowfacethesea.Ilikewindowfacethesea.theroom'stheroom关系代词的实质-代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:Iliketheroom.Theroom'swindowfacethesea.Ilikewindowfacethesea.whosetheroom总结先行词（物—主语，宾语）=which/that先行词（人—主语）=who/that先行词（人—宾语）=who/that/whom先行词（人/物-定语）=whose先行词's=whoseIhaveanapple.Theappleisred.Ihaveanapplethat/whichisred.修饰先行词anappleIlikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ilikefriendswho/thatlikesports.修饰先行词friends填空：1.Lookatthatlady______nameisPochi.2.Sheisateacher_________Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_________weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_____willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney______Ihad.whosewhom/thatwhich/thatwhothat6.Tomisthefirstboy_____lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_____arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_____Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_____IwenttoAmerica.10.Wecametothetown,______westayedfor2hours.thatthatthatwhenwhere关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhy时间地点原因时间状语地点状语原因状语2.引导定语从句的关系副词关系副词When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=forwhichCorrectthemistakes1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.3.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.4.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.———whom———whose\it\——who1.that与which1.Nothing______canbedonehasbeendone.2.Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用thatthatthat1.ThisisthebestTV_______ismadeinChina.2.Thefirstmuseum_______hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.thatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。1.that与whichI’vereadallthebooks________youlentme.that先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时,引导定语从句用that。1.that与which1.Thefamouswriterandhisworks_____theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.2.Avictimisaperson,animalorthing______sufferspain,death,harm,etc.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.thatthat1.that与which1.Who_______youhaveeverseencandoitbetter?Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用thatthat1.that与which1.Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringon________shespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,with________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.whichwhichwhom在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom1.that与which1）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配Thisisthebook_____whichyouasked注意：动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前forTheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.２如何判断介词2）、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.with２如何判断介词3）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配Thisisourclassroom,_______________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.inthefrontof２如何判断介词whose引导的定语从句表示所属关系Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whose3Whose的使用Thereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.ThebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhoseWhose的使用Theearthisround,___weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.asAsIt定语从句在句首时只能用as,as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的4as的使用ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。as的使用Thisissuchaninte