(完整版)定语从句which和that的用法区别

that与which的用法区别两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：1.引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which：Thecurrent,whichisveryrapid,makestheriverdangerous.水流湍急，使这条河很危险。HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。TheLondonteam,whichplayedsowelllastseason,hasdonebadlythisseason.伦敦队上一个季度打得很好，这个季度却打得很差。2.直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which：Shemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforher.她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她。Thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.他们找寻的文件已找到了。Thismorningsomeportwinecame,forwhichIhavetothankyou.今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒，为此我得向你道谢。注：有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构：Hehadonlythelongnightsinwhichhecouldstudy.=Hehadonlythelongnightsinwhichtostudy.他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。Hehadacoupleofrevolverswithwhichhecoulddefendhimself.=Hehadacoupleofrevolverswithwhichtodefendhimself.他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。3.当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much,little,none,all,few,every(thing),any(thing),no(thing)等时，通常用that：Allthatshelackedwastraining.她缺的只是训练。Haveyoueverythingthatyouneed?你需要的东西都有了吗?Thesleepingman’ssubconsciousmindretainedeverythingthatwassaidaroundhim.这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。Shewouldneverdoanythingthatwasnotapprovedofbyherparents.她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。4.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时，通常用that：ThisistheonlyexamplethatIknow.我知道的例子只有这一个。Thosearetheverywordsthatheused.那是他的原话。5.当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last,next等)等修饰时，通常用that：ThisisthebestdictionarythatI’veeverused.这是我用过的最好的词典。Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoistoworkoutaplan.你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。6.当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that：Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.中国已不是过去的中国了。7.当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatmostimpressedthem.他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。8.当要避免重复时：Whichisthecoursethatwearetotake?我们选哪门课程？一)当先行词指物时只能用that而不能用which的几种常见情况1先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代词时。如Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit2先行词前有last,next,only，very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。如Thisisthemostinterestingfilmthatwasshownlastweek这是上周所放映的影片中最有趣的一部。Theonlythingthattheycandoistowait他们唯一能做的事就是等待。3先行词前有序数词或最高级等修饰时。如Thisisthesecondcomputerthatfatherhasjustbought这是爸爸刚刚买的第二台电脑。Thisistheverypen(that)youboughtyesterday这正是你昨天买的笔。4当先行词既有人，又有物时。如Sallyistalkingaboutthewriterandhisbookthatinterestsher萨丽在谈论这位作家及能使她感兴趣的这位作家的书。5当主语是who的疑问句。如Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames?在玩电脑游戏的男孩是谁?二)当先行词指物时，只能用which而不能用that的场合1关系代词前有介词时。如ThisisthehouseinwhichTomoncelived这是汤姆曾经住过的房子。2在非限定性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉逗号，整个句子仍能表达完整的意义的定语从句)中。如TheyaretalkingabouttheTVplay,whichtheysawlastnight他们正在谈论昨晚看的电视剧。