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专题十一动词的时态若句中有标志词,则可以直接确定句子的时态;若没有标志词,则需要根据上下文确定时态。1.动词的五种基本形式变化表动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。具体变化规则如下表:1.ing/ed/比较/有双写2.es/ed/比较/有改y类别构成方法例词原形没有任何形式变化的动词do,dance,leave第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加-swork→worksread→reads以s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的动词,后加-esgo→goeswash→washes辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i再加-esfly→fliesstudy→studies类别构成方法例词过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加-edwork→workedstay→stayed以e结尾的动词后只加-dclose→closedlike→liked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i再加-edstudy→studiedcarry→carried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母再加-edstop→stoppedplan→planned类别构成方法例词现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加-ingsleep→sleepingwait→waiting以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e再加-ingsmile→smilingmove→moving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母再加-ingsit→sittingdig→diggingplan→planning少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ingdie→dyinglie→lying2.常见六种时态的构成及用法一般现在时结构:主语+谓语注:只有一般现在时,主语第三人称单数,谓语动词加s/eshave—hasgo—goesdo—does①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,常用时间状语有:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,twiceamonth,onSundays,everyday/week/month/year…(every系列)等。如:Jimalwayshelpsmewithmymath.吉姆总是帮我学数学。②表示客观事实和真理。如:Themoonmovesaroundtheearth(2)一般过去时结构主语+谓语(过去式+ed)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语有:justnow,amomentago,yesterday,inthepast,in+过去的年份,lastnight/Sunday/week/month…(last系列)等。如:Icalledmyfatherjustnow.我刚才给我爸爸打电话了。WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftenwalkedtoschool.(3)一般将来时结构:1)will+动词原形will用于各种人称willnot=won't2)shall+动词原形shall用于第一人称Iwe,特别是疑问句,3)be(am\is\are)goingto+动词原形表示计划,安排将要发生的事表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用时间状语有:tomorrow,soon,later,inthefuture,nextweek/month/year/…,inafewdays/months/years/…等。如:LindawillcometoKunmingtomorrow.琳达明天将来昆明。IamgoingtogiveaspeechnextMonday.(4)现在进行时结构:构成:amisare+动词ing〔现在分词〕表示现在此刻或现阶段正在发生的动作,常用时间状语有:now,rightnow,atthemoment,atpresent,look,listen,keepquiet,Don’tmakenoise,this/these+表示一段时间的名词,等连用Tonyisdoinghishomeworknow.AllthestudentsinClassThreearestudyinghardthisterm.现在进行时表示将来fly,come,go,plan,start,leave,meet,move等,I'mleavingthedayaftertomorrow.(5)过去进行时结构:过去进行时的用法was(were)+动词ing〔现在分词〕表示过去某个时刻或某一段正在进行的动作。常用时间状语有:atthattime/moment,atthistimeyesterday,atninelastnight,then,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening等。Mymotherwaswateringflowersinthegardenatthistimeyesterday.Whatwereyoudoingfrom5:00to6:00yesterdayafternoon?(6)现在完成时结构:have/has+过去分词①表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果.常用时间状语有:already,yet,just,sofar,inthepastfewyear,recently,sofar,since1999,fortwodays。如:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已经完成我的作业了。②since1996…(since系列),fortenyears…(for系列)等。missWhitehaslivedinthiscityfor5years③have/hasbeento表示去过(去了又回来了)have/hasgoneto表示去过(去了没回来了)have/hasgonein表示“一直在某地呆着”如:Wherehasshegone?(句中所指的人不在)Wherehasshebeen?(句中所指的人在)1).A:Wherehaveyoubeen?你刚才到哪儿去了?B:I'vebeentothelibrary.我到图书馆去了?2).A:WhereisLiuMei?B:Shehasgonetothepark.④since引导从句,从句一般过去时,主句用现在完成时态MrLihasworkedintheschoolsincehecamehere.LiuYitinghaschangedalotsincesheenteredHarvardUniversity⑤在有for,since,howlong,while,till,until,引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用时要以它表示状态的词连用。常见的瞬间动词转变为延续性动词(be+介词/be+形容词)形式如下:begin---beonend---beoverdie---bedeadbuy---havecome---bego---beborrow---keepjoin---be-inleave---beaway(from)gettoknow---knowcatchacold---haveacoldclose---beclosedfallill---beillmarry---bemarriedHehasdiedfor3years.(F)Hehasbeendeadfor3years.(T)I’veleftthisschoolforeightyears.(×)I’vebeenawayfromthisschoolforeightyears.(√)注意:always,usually,often,sometimes,never等频度副词既可用于一般现在时,又可用于一般过去时Thegirlisneverlateforschool.这个女孩上学从不迟到。Whenmymotherwasyoung,shewasneverlateforschool.在我妈妈小的时候,她上学从不迟到。3.动词时态的五大解题技巧(1)根据时间状语或标志词确定时态。Look!Abeautifulgirl______anoldladycrossthestreet.A.helpsB.helpedC.ishelpingD.washelping【基础攻关】1.—Whatdidyoudolastweekend?—I____tothechildren’shometoteachthemEnglish.A.goB.willgoC.amgoingD.went2.Someexchangestudents____withtheirhostfamiliesatthistimeyesterday.A.arechattingB.willchatC.werechattingD.havechatted3.—Lucy,isyouruncleateacher?—Yes,heis.He____historyfornearly20years.A.teachesB.hastaughtC.isteachingD.willteachDCB(2)复合句中,根据连词确定时态。根据主从句时态呼应的原则确定正确的时态。①“主将从现”原则。由when,after,before,until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句由if,unless,aslongas引导的条件状语从句,主句将来时,从句要用一般现在时。Mygrandfatherwillgoforawalkifhe___nothingspecialtodoaftersupper.A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hashad②在含有“since从句”的主从复合句中,若从句使用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时。现在完成时+Since+一般过去时Mysister_____inthisschoolsinceshegraduatedfromBeijingNormalUniversity.A.worksB.willworkC.hasworkedD.isworking【基础攻关】4.SincewebegantousetheInternet,ourlives___alot.A.changeB.hadchangedC.willchangeD.havechanged5.—Iwillsendyouane-mailassoonasI___inShanghai.—That’sgreat.Haveagoodtrip!A.arrivedB.arriveC.willarriveD.havearrivedDB(3)根据题干语境,结合实际情况确定时态。5.—ThisisLarry.MayIspeaktoBob?—Sorry,hecan’tanswerthephonerightnow.He______ashower.A.takesB.tooC.istakingD.wastaking6.—Linda,comehereandhelpmedosomewashing.—Waitaminute,mum.I_C__myhomework.A.wasdoingB.doC.amdoingD.havedone7.Simonlooksworriedbecausehe_B__awritingcompetitionandnowhe’swaitingfortheresult.A.entersB.enteredC.willenterD.isentering(4)根据固定句式中时态的使用规则确定时态。①在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,陈述句常用一般将来时。7.Justgodownthisroad,andyou_thelibrarynexttothebank.A.seeB.sawC.willseeD.haveseen8.—Lucy,it’s8:00p.m.Hurryup,orwe___lateforthemovie.—OK.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.havebeen②在“It/Thisisthe+序数词+timethat…”句型中,that引导的从句用现在完成时,若主句中的is改为was,that引导的从句用过去完成时。例:Iti
本文标题:初中英语动词时态归纳复习资料
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