八年级上英语第一单元知识点

1英语八年级上第一单元知识点复习Wheredidyougoonvacation?1.主要知识点：★★复习一般过去时★★复合不定代词的用法★反身代词的用法★近义词的区别★系动词的用法★动词后的todo和doing的区别★★ed形容词和ing形容词的区别★★动词过去式的构成及不规则动词表★感叹句的结构和连词的选择2.复合不定代词用法：1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。2）somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。3）somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定副词。4）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后；somethingspecial;somewherewonderful；anythinginteresting……..5)不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Iseverybodyhere?大家都到齐了吗？6)something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中.Whydon’tyouvisitsomeonewithme?你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）Iboughtsomethingformyfather.(肯定句)27)anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：Didyoudoanythinginteresting?你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）3.ed形容词与ing形容词的区别eg.Boredandboring;interestedandinteresting;excitedandexciting…….ed形容词修饰的是人，而ing形容词修饰的是物bored(adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。如：Igotboredwiththeboringwork.我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。4.系动词的用法：1）seemtodosth.好像做某事如：Theyseemtowaitforyou..他们似乎在等你。2）seem（tobe）+adj.似乎......如：Heseemed(tobe)illyesterday.昨天他似乎病了。3）Itseemsthat+从句似乎......如：Itseemsthathewasillyesterday.昨天他似乎病了。其他的系动词（后面直接加形容词）有：be;feel(觉得）;keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来...）;smell（闻起来）sound（听起来……）taste（尝起来……）Eg:keep/stayhealthy;tastegood….5.反身代词的用法：myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,3themselves.1）作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,kill等动词和by,for,to,of等介词后作宾语。HeisteachinghimselfEnglish.她在自学英语。Shewastalkingtoherself.她自言自语。Helivesbyhimselfinthecountry.他独自住在乡下。2）有关反身代词的短语：1)Helpyourself!请随便吃吧！/请自己去取吧!2)Makeyourselfathome!别客气！3)makeyourselfheard/understood.使你的话被人听得见/理解4)teachoneself自学=learnbyoneself5)byoneself独自6)foroneself为自己；替自己7)enjoyoneself玩的愉快8)dressoneself给自己穿衣6.近义词的区别1）getto/reach/arrive都是“到达“的意思getto+地点=reach+地点=arriveat+地点（小）=arrivein+地点（大）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here,there,home等，则不需要加介词。2）few与little的区别：4肯定否定许多可数AfewfewQuiteafew不可数AlittlelittleQuitealittlequiteafew与quitealittlequiteafew意为“很多;不少”，修饰可数名词复数；quitealittle意为“很多;不少”，修饰不可数名词。a.Hestaysherefor_______________days.b.Thereis_______________waterinthebottle(瓶子).3）becauseof+名词/代词/名短Ihadtomovebecauseofmyjob.因为工作的原因because+从句IdoitbecauseIlikeit.我做这件事是因为我喜欢4）so….that；such…that(如此…以至于)so+形/副+that从句：Sheissopopularthateveryonelikesher.such+名短+that从句：Sheissuchapopulargirlthateveryonelikesher.5）toomamy;toomuch;muchtootoomany+可数名词复数意为“太多...”Healwayshastoomanyquestionstoaskme.toomuch+不可数名词意为“太多...”Ihavetoomuchhomeworktodotoday.5muchtoo+形容词意为“太...”Thisbookismuchtoouseful.7.一般过去时1）.和一般过去时连用的时间状语：Yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening,justnow,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastmonth/week/night/year/summer/Thursday,amoment/halfanhour/threeyearsago,in19992)如何判定一般过去时◆句中有“介词+表示过去时间的数词或名词”构成的短语，如in1949,onMarch5,1920等Therewasonlyoneschoolinourhometownin1982.◆句中有“一段时间+ago”构成的短语，如fiveyearsago,twoyearsago等。Hecametotheschoolthreeyearsago.◆句中有“last+表示时间的名词”,如;lastyear,lastmonth等WevisitedtheGreatWalllastSunday.◆句中有表示“过去“的词语或短语，如once(曾经)，atthattime,justnow(刚才)…….Iwenttoyourclassroomjustnow.◆俩个或俩个以上的词用and连接，如果前一个动词用一般过去时，后面动词也用一般过去时6Theytalked,laughed,andwalkedtothevillage.◆如果句子中找不到明显的时间状语，根据上下文来判断Howlongdidyoulivehere?Ilivedhereforaboutoneyear.8.一般过去时的规则词和不规则词的变化1).直接加ed,如：work-worked….2)以不发音的e结尾的，加d.如live-lived3)以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变i,加ed.如study-studied4)以元音字母加y结尾的，直接加ed,enjoy-enjoyed不规则动词表现在时过去时中文意思Is,amwas是Arewere是beginbegan开始buildbuilt建筑buybought买cancould能catchcaught抓comecame来cutcut切digdug挖Do,doesdid做7drivedrove开车winwon赢telltold告诉maymight可能meanmeant意味着meetmet见面putput放readread读riderode骑runran跑saysaid说seesaw看sellsold卖sendsent发送shakeshook摇singsang唱sleepslept睡觉smellsmelt闻eatate吃feelfelt感觉到fightfought打斗8findfound找flyflew飞speakspoke说sitsat坐9.感叹句常用的感叹句的结构：1）What+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语！2）What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！3）How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！4）How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语！eg:1.Whataninterestingbookitis!=Howinterestingabookis!那本书多么有趣啊！2.____aclevergirlsheis!A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Where3._____cleveragirlsheis!A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Where4._____importantjobstheydid!A.WhatB.WhoC.HowD.Where5._____sweetwateritis!A.WhoB.WhatC.WhereD.How6._____interestingthedogis!A.WhoB.WhatC.WhereD.How9