辅导资料高中英语语法：主谓一致-讲解与练习

1高中语法：主谓一致Ⅰ.主谓一致原则含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。Ⅱ.语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidistrue.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou★a/the/this/thatpairof+表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a/the/this/thatpairof+表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：Thispairofshoesisnotmine.Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.2.“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：YouandIaregoodfriends.Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.【注意】★如果and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：a/the+单数名词（人）+and+单数名词（人）+单数谓语a/the+单数名词（人）+and+a/the+单数名词（人）+复数谓语Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有或分别有no,each,every,morethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:2Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线breadandbutter面包和黄油fishandchips炸鱼加薯条thestarsandstripes星条旗deskandchair桌椅FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.3.主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.4.each;each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingsispaintedadifferentcolor.5.由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.6.在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.试比较：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.7.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：3Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theclasswereallcheerful.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.【注意】people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.【练一练】1.Betweenthetworoads_______aTVtowercalled“SkyscraperTower”.A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand2.–HaveyouheardthatTom,alongwithhisparents,_______toFrance?--Really?NowonderIhaven’tseenhimthesedays.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.havegone3.There_______apairoftrousersonthebed.A.areB.isC.hasD.have4._______and_______aregoingabroadnextThursday?Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.Thefather;sonB.Thesinger;dancerC.Asinger;adancerD.He;I5.A_______and_______hasbeenboughtforyou.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.goldwatch;chainB.knife;forkC.desk;chairD.pen;pencil6.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_______intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.has7.Everystudentandeveryteacher_______.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting8.TheNewYorkTimes_______allovertheUnitedStates.A.isreadB.isreadingC.arereadD.arereading9.There_______tobesomethingwrongwithhissister,_______?A.seem;isn’titB.seems;doesn’tthereC.seem;isn’tthereD.seems;doesn’tit10.IthinkTom,_______you,_______toblame.A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;areC.morethan;areD.lessthan;is11.Thespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewayinwhichtelevisioncaneducateaperson_______almostinfinite.4A.beB.areC.isD.are12.“Ifanybody_______,pleaseputdown_______name,”saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook;hisB.wanttobuythebook;theirC.willbuythebook;one’sD.wantstohavethebookbought;her13.Myfamily_______largeandmyfamily_______reading.A.is;enjoyB.is;enjoysC.are;enjoyD.are;enjoys14.ThecustomsandcultureofAmerica_______verymuchlike_______ofEngland.A.is;thatB.are;thoseC.havebeen;theonesD.hasbeen;theone15.Onlyoneofthestudentswho_______present_______tospeakatthemeeting.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;areⅢ.逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。）1.what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：Whichisyoufavoritesubject?Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.2.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.3.复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheThameshasalargepopulation.4.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics，以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.Physicswashermajor.5.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.【练一练】16._______is_______.Whichiswrong?A.Twodays;alongvacationforthestudentsB.Oneandahalfdollars;notenough.C.TheNewYorkTimes;publisheddailyD.800miles;longdistance517.Therich_______notalwayshappy.A.isB.areC.hasD.have18.Whatsheleftme_______afewoldbooks.A.isB.areC.hasD.have19.Tenminutes_______anhourwhenoneiswaitingfora