2020中考英语专项复习：议论文类阅读理解(2019年各地中考英语真题分类汇总)

阅读理解之议论文【命题趋势】中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。【满分技巧】1.主旨题解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。2.细节题解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。3.推断题解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。4.猜测词义题解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。【热点话题】议论文热衷话题有：旅游、环保、故事、广告类等。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A【2019•浙江省宁波市】话题：科普类难度：★建议用时：6分Manypeoplemightthinkthatiftheyhadmoremoney,thentheywouldhehappierinlife.Forexample,peoplemightlookatwhatothershave,likeexpensiveclothesornicecars,andwishtheycouldhavethesame.Butthethingsthatmoneycanbuycannotbringhappinesstoapersonforlong.___①____Butisthatreallytrue?Studieshavefoundthatmoneycan,infact,makepeoplehappier.__②____Instead,it’sgivingmoneytoothersthatmakespeoplehappy.__③___Itcouldbebuyingapresentforafriendorafamilymember.___④___Itcouldhebuyingahomelesspersonfoodtoeat.Itcouldhegivingmoneytoapersoninneed.Justthinkaboutthelasttimeyouusedyourownmoneytodosomethingforsomeoneelse.Howdidyoufeel?Whetheritisasmallorlargeamountofmoney.Peoplefeelhappierwhentheygive.Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.ThisideaofconnectingyourhappinesstothehappinessofothersisdescribedasaubuntuinanAfricanlanguage.ThereisevenastoryaboutamanvisitingAfricawhoaskedsomekidstoracetoanearbytree.‘Thefirstchildtotouchthetreewouldgetasweettreat.Surprising,allthechildrenheldhandsandrantogether.Theyalltouchedthetreeatthesametime.Themanaskedwhytheyhaddonethis.‘Thechildrensimplysaidtheycouldonlyenjoyeatingthetreatifeveryonehadone.1.Thewritersaysthatbuyingthings_________.A.canmakepeopleworriedB.canmakepeoplenervousC.mayleadtosadnessforlongD.mayleadtohappinessforashorttime2.WherecanwebestputButitsnothavingmoneythatbringshappiness.nParagraph2?A.①B.②C.③D.④3.Whydoesthewriterquote(引用)astoryinParagraph3?A.ToexplainAfricanslikesweets.B.Toshowexamplesarenotenough-C.Tomakethewriter’sopinionclearer.D.Toexpresshappinessisfromchildren.4.Whatdoesthewritertrytotellus?A.Buyingnewthingscanmakepeoplehappy.B.Thekeytohappinessismakingothershappy.C.Ifyouwanttobehappy,youcanvisitAfrica.D.Peoplewhohavealotofmoneymightnotbehappy.【文章大意】很多人都觉得如果他们有更多的钱，他们就会更快乐。是的，钱的确能使我们更快乐，但不是有钱能让我们快乐，而是给予别人钱能让我们快乐。人们在奉献的时候会更快乐，这是因为让别人快乐，同时也会使自己快乐。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段最后一句话Butthethingsthatmoneycanbuycannotbringhappinesstoapersonforlong可知，用钱买东西不能长时间给我们带来快乐。由此可知应选D。2.B【解析】推理判断题。题干中这句话Butitsnothavingmoneythatbringshappiness.意为：但是不是拥有钱带来快乐。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，Studieshavefoundthatmoneycan,infact,makepeoplehappier.提到：事实上，钱使人们更开心；后面又提到Instead,it’sgivingmoneytoothersthatmakespeoplehappy是给别人钱使人们开心。故这句话应放在②处，能使上下文意衔接，故选B。3.C【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文是议论文，讲述了真正让人们快乐的不是有钱，而是用钱来使别人快乐。第二段的最后提到Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.＂让别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。为了使读者更好地理解这一点，作者讲了下面的故事。因此C选项＂使作者的观点更清楚＂是正确的。4.B【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，作者先讲述了用钱买东西并不能长久地使人们快乐，然后引出作者的观点Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.＂使别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。故B选项＂快乐的关键是使别人快乐＂，符合文章大意和主旨，故应选B。B【2019•江苏省苏州市】话题：运动类难度：★★建议用时：6分Athleticsvs.GardeningThestudentsofSouthsideSchoolwereaskedtogivetheiropinionsaboutwhethertheschoolshouldrunanathleticprogramorstartavegetablegarden.Anathleticprogramishatchbetterthangardening.HowareweevergoingtowinanythingattheInter-SchoolAthleticswithoutpropertraining?Atthemoment,weonlydoathleticsforonetamandtheteacherstrainus.Weneedexperts（专家）toteachusthingslikethrowingandhighjump.Iknowlotsofkidssaythey’retotinterestedincompetitions,butthat’sbecausethey’veneverwonanything.Iftheygotbettertrainingandstartedwinningthings,they’dsoonchangetheirminds.Peoplealwayssaykidsdon’tgetenoughexercise.Justbecauseyoudogardeningoutdoorsdoesn’tmakeitexercise,soIdon’tsechowitmatters.Athleticsismuchbetterforfitnessandlotsofkidscanhaveagoatthesametine.Idon’tthinktherewouldbeenoughjobsforeveryoneinagarden.Infact,Ithinkagardenisareallybadidea.Idon’tknowwhywe’reevenconsideringit.Liz,Grade8Ithinkavegetablegardenisagreatidea.Wealreadydohoursofsport,includingathletics.Andnoteveryonelikessport.Gardeningisagreatwaytogetexercisewithoutworryingaboutwhetheryou’reanygoodatit,orwhetheryou’regoingtowin.Andyoureallydogelexercisewhenyougarden.There’sdigging,weedingandwateringEvenpickingthingscanbehardwork–pumpkinsaren’tlightyouknow!Therearelotsofkidsaroundherewhodon’thavegardenssotheycan’tgrowthingseventheywantto.Ifyoureallywanttodomoresport,youcanjoinaclub.Andthinkaboutit:Whathelpsyoutobegoodatsport?Youneedtoeatlotsoffruitandvegetables.Ifwelearntocookallthethingswegrow,thegardenwillkeepusallfitandhealthyandthenwe’llbebetteratsport.Sam,Grade81.WhichofthesepointsdoLizandSambothmake?A.Kidsshouldtakeexercise.B.Kidsshouldeatvegetables.C.Kidsshouldtrytowinmore.D.Kidsshouldbeoutsidemore.2.WhatisonereasonLizgivesforsayingagardenisareallybadidea?A.Somestudentsdon’tlikegettingdirty.B.Somestudentsdon’tenjoybeingoutside.C.Somestudentsalreadyknowhowtogarden.D.Somestudentsmayhavenochancetogarden.3.WhydoesSamsay,Andthinkaboutit.:whathelpsyoutobegoodatsport?A.Tochangethesubject.B.Tointroducehisnextreason.C.TosupportLiz’sidea.D.Tofindananswertothequestion.【文章大意】本文以Liz和Sa