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硕士专业学位论文论文题目电线电缆用聚氯乙烯阻燃体系的研究研究生姓名王艳凤指导教师姓名戴礼兴(教授)专业名称材料工程研究方向高分子材料论文提交日期2012年11月电线电缆用聚氯乙烯阻燃体系的研究中文摘要I电线电缆用聚氯乙烯阻燃体系的研究中文摘要随着经济的发展,电线电缆的需求量日益增加。这种增加不仅体现在数量上,而且体现在材料品质的提升,因而对电缆料的性能要求也越来越高。电线电缆材料中含氟聚合物是最适合该特性的材料,但是其市场价格昂贵,难以大规模使用。聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)虽具有低烟性,但易燃,必须添加大量的阻燃剂才能达到较好的阻燃效果,并导致力学性能和电性能下降,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都比聚氯乙烯(PVC)差。PVC树脂本身含氯量达56%,硬质PVC氧指数为45%,具有良好的阻燃性,同时具有高电绝缘性。软质PVC,具有良好的机械物理性能,优良的电性能,耐光性、耐化学药品性、耐寒性、耐油性等一系列优点,因而是一种比较理想的工业电线电缆材料,被电线电缆行业大量采用。对于电线电缆用的软质PVC,由于加入增塑剂和其它助剂使材料中的含氯量降低,氧指数也随着降低到21%左右,所以对软质PVC电缆料的阻燃性的研究是非常必要的。本文研究了电线电缆用聚氯乙烯材料的阻燃性能,以及常用的阻燃剂包括增塑型阻燃剂、金属氧化物型阻燃剂、含硼阻燃剂、微胶囊红磷阻燃剂、无机填充阻燃剂。本文利用阻燃剂间的协同效应分别讨论不同阻燃体系对PVC电缆料阻燃性能的影响。本文主要分为两部分,一是采用磷酸酯(TCP)、氯化石蜡阻燃体系,通过分别添加不同比例的磷酸酯和氯化石蜡研究PVC电缆料的燃烧性能、力学性能和热稳定性能等的变化。结果表明在TCP和氯化石蜡作为阻燃剂的材料中,材料有较高的透明性;且TCP和氯化石蜡同时具有的阻燃和增塑作用,对其力学性能和硬度无明显影响,但材料的比重会随着TCP和氯化石蜡添加量的增加而变大,随着添加分数的增加,阻燃效果也明显增强,但随着添加量的增加使材料的低温性能明显下降,热稳定性能也有所下降,因此在使用时需要配合其它低温和热稳定效果较好的增塑剂一起使用。另一种是采用三氧化二锑(Sb203)、硼酸锌、氢氧化铝(ATH)阻燃体系,通中文摘要电线电缆用聚氯乙烯阻燃体系的研究II过分别添加不同比例的Sb203、硼酸锌、ATH来研究PVC电缆料的燃烧性能、力学性能和热稳定性能等的变化。结果表明在当前设计的配方中Sb203的阻燃效果明显,其添加分数在6份左右时在配方体系中最佳;ATH在配方体系中同时有阻燃和消烟的作用,且价格便宜,但不可过度添加,否则材料的力学性能会下降。其添加分数在40份左右时在配方体系中较好;硼酸锌是一种很好的协同阻燃剂,能优化有Sb203存在的配方体系,从而能提高材料的阻燃性能。而Sb203、硼酸锌、ATH的添加对材料的热稳定性能无明显影响。关键词:电线电缆,聚氯乙烯,阻燃,配方设计作者:王艳凤指导老师:戴礼兴教授ResearchonpolyvinylchlorideflameretardantsystemusedforwireandcableAbstractIIIResearchonpolyvinylchlorideflameretardantsystemusedforwireandcableAbstractWiththedevelopmentofeconomy,thewireandcabledemandisincreasingnowadays.Therequirementforcablematerialsnotonlylimitsonquantity,butalsomoredependsonitsquality.Thefluorine-containingpolymeristhemostsuitableforthecharacteristicsofthewireandcablematerials.However,thecostofthisadvancedmaterialisextremelyexpensiveanddifficulttobeacceptedbymarket,limitingthisfurtherapplicationinlarge-scale.Thepolyethylene(PE)andpolypropylene(PP)arelow-smoke,buttheirflammabilitymustberestrictedbyaddingalargenumberofflameretardantsinordertoachievegoodflameretardantrequirements,resultingindramaticallydecreaseofthemechanicalpropertiesandelectricalproperties,inwhichthetensilestrengthandelongationarelowerthanpolyvinylchloride(PVC).ThePVCresinitselfchlorineamountedto56%,notonlyhasgoodflameretardancythattheoxygenindexof45%forrigidPVC,butalsohashighelectricalinsulation.Duetoitsprominentperformance,especiallygoodmechanicalandphysicalproperties,excellentelectricalproperties,lightresistance,chemicalresistance,coldresistanceandoilresistance,thesoftPVCisanidealindustrialmaterialandhasawideapplicationinwireandcablefield.ForsoftPVCresin,withaddingsomeplasticizersandotheradditives,thechlorinecontentinresinmatrixissignificantlydecreased,resultinginreductionofitsoxygenindextoabout21%,accordingly.Thus,itisnecessarythattheresearchforflameretardancyofsoftPVCcable.Theflameperformanceofpolyvinylchloridecompoundingonwireandcablewasstudiedinthispaper,includingcommonlyusedflameretardants,suchasplasticizedflameretardants,metaloxideflameretardants,boron-containingflameretardants,microencapsulatedredphosphorusflameretardants,inorganicfillerflameretardants.Additionally,thesynergyeffectbetweenthevariousflameretardantsforflameretardantpropertiesofPVCcompoundingwasalsoinvestigated.Thepapercontainstwomainparts.Firstly,thephosphate(TCP)andchlorinatedAbstractResearchonpolyvinylchlorideflameretardantsystemusedforwireandcableIVparaffinflameretardantsystemwasresearched.Throughaddingdifferentproportionsofphosphateandchlorinatedparaffinintotheresinmatrix,thecombustionproperties,mechanicalpropertiesandthermalstabilitypropertiesofPVChadahugechange.TheresultsshowedthatthePVCresinperformsahightransparencyaftermodification.TheTCPandchlorinatedparaffinplayedaroleofflameretardantandaplasticizingaction,meanwhile.TherewaslittleeffectonmechanicalpropertiesandhardnessofPVC.However,theproportionofthematerialwasraisedwithincreasingtheamountofTCPandchlorinatedparaffin.Besides,theflame-retardanteffectissignificantlyenhancedinthesametime.Unfortunately,thelowtemperatureperformanceandthermalstabilityofthematerialwasdrasticallydecreasedwithincreasingthecontentofTCPandchlorinatedparaffin.Therefore,theseadditivesshouldbeusedwithotherlowtemperatureandthermalstabilityplasticizerinconjunction.Secondly,theflameretardanceandmechanicalpropertiesofflameretardantPVCaddingantimonyoxide(Sb2O3),aluminiumhydroxide(ATH)andzincboratewereinvestigated.TheresearchshowedthattheSb2O3hadperfectflameretardanceinpresentworkwhenitsaddingcontentis6phr.ATHalsodisplayedgoodflameretardancewhenthecontentis40phrinmatrix,whilethemechanicalpropertiesofmaterialsweredecreasedinhighaddition.ZincboratewasanexcellentsynergyandimprovedtheflameretardenceofSb2O3system.Keywords:Wireandcable,PVC,Flameretardance,FormulationdesignWrittenby:WangYanFengSupervisedby:Prof.DaiLixing目录第一章绪论....................................................................................................................11.1电线电缆的发展历程.................................................................................................11.2用于电线电缆的高分子材料..............................................................
本文标题:电线电缆用聚氯乙烯阻燃体系的研究
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