高中英语国际音标

英语音标概述主讲人：顾伟一英语国际音标概述单元音前元音/i://i//e//æ/中元音/ʌ//ə://ə/后元音/ɑ://ɔ//ɔ://u://u/双元音合口双元音/ei//əu//ai//au//ɔi/集中双元音/iə//eə//uə/爆破音摩擦音破擦音鼻音舌侧音半元音双唇音/p//b//m//w/唇齿音/f//v/舌齿音/θ//ð/齿龈音/t//d//s//z//ts//dz//n//l/齿龈后音/r//tr//dr/舌面硬腭齿龈音/ʃ//ʒ//dʒ//tʃ/舌面硬腭音/j/舌根软腭音/k//g//ŋ/声门音/h/二英语元音•前元音/i:/：舌前端抬高，轻抵下齿，双唇扁平，口腔近于合，声带有滑动。/i/：舌中部轻轻上抬，舌尖抵下齿，舌位比/i:/稍低，稍后；口型扁平，比/i:/稍大，口开约三分之一，发音短促。/e/：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，牙床半合，上下齿间可容一食指，唇形稍扁，发音短促。/æ/：舌尖抵下齿，舍身低平，发音时口要张大，口开约三分之二，上下齿间可容纳食指。注意易混音标/i:/和/ei/，/e//æ/和/ei/•Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.•Willyoubesogoodastogivemealift?•Afleaandaflyweretrapped/træpt/inaflue/flu:/,andtheytriedtofleefortheirlife.Thefleasaidtothefly“let’sflea!”andtheflysaidtotheflea“let’sfly!”finallyboththefleaandtheflymanagedtofleethroughaflaw/flɔ:/intheflue.•Eastorwest,homeisbest.•Handsome/hænsəm/isashandsomedoes.•Ahappyblackrabbit•Apleasantpeasantkeepsapleasantpheasant/feznt/andboththepeasantandthepheasantarehavingapleasanttimetogether.•中元音•/ʌ/：口腔打开，舌中部稍抬，唇形稍扁，发音短促。•/ə:/：舌中部稍隆起，口开约二分之一，唇形扁，发长音。•/ə/：舌身平放，口腔肌肉放松，唇形自然张开，发短音。•Theearlybirdcatchestheworm/wə:m/.•Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.•Askunk/skʌŋk/satonastump/stʌmp/.Theskunkthoughtthestumpstunk/stʌŋk/,andthestumpthoughttheskunkstunk.•后元音/ɑ:/：口张大，舌身低平，舌后发音，发音时要中气十足，圆润饱满。/ɔ/：口张大，舌身平放，双唇稍稍收圆，发音短促。/ɔ:/：舌根部隆起，双唇收圆略向前突，声带滑动。/u:/：舌根部隆起，双唇收圆收小并向前突出，口腔肌肉保持紧张，发长音。/u/：舌位比/u:/稍低，口型比/u:/稍大，口腔肌肉放松，发音短促。•Wehavealotofthingstotalkabout.•Helaughsbestwholaughslast.•It’sallyourfault.•Don’tpushandpull,it’smadeofthewool.•IwouldifIcould.•合口双元音/ei//əu//ai//au//ɔi/：发双元音时，口型由前一单元音向后一单元音滑动，前重后轻，前长后短。•注意易混音标/ə/和/ei/•Nopain,nogain.•Ialwaysdoitagain.•Hastemakeswaste.•Hesavedacat.•注意易混音标/əu/，/au/和/ɔ/•Asyousow,youwillmow.•Iknowwhatyouknow.•Don’tkeepthehorseinthehouse.•Howaboutgoingdowntown,now?•注意易混音标/ai/和/e//æ/•Strikewhiletheiron/aiən/ishot.•Timeandtidewaitfornoman.•Thewormbitesbeds.•Thetitleisaboutthebattleinacastle/kɑ:sl/.•Comeandenjoytheoysters•Don’tspoilroybygivinghimtoomanytoys.•Ihaveanappointmentrightnow.•Youshouldbeloyal/lɔiəl/toyournation.•集中双元音•/iə//eə//uə/：舌头由前元音或后元音向中元音滑动。•注意不要省略/ə/前面的元音。•Weareneartheendoftheyear.•Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.•Whatdoyouusually/ju:ʒʊəli/doinyourholiday?•Thingsareclearandyoudon’tneedtofear/fiə/.三英语辅音•爆破辅音•双唇爆破音/p//b/：双唇紧闭，憋住气流，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔形成爆破音。/p/为清辅音，送气声带不振动；/b/为浊辅音，不送气声带振动。•注意和汉语拼音p,b的区别•Prideandprejudice•Youcanpractiseaftersuper•BasketballisapopularsportinChina.•Ibegyourpardon.•Hefoundajobinapub.•舌尖齿龈爆破音/t//d/：舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋气，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，形成爆破音。/t/为清辅音，/d/为浊辅音。•注意和汉语拼音t,d的区别•don’tshedcrocodile/krɔkədail/tears.•Don’twastetimechatting.•Butheisnotgood.•Diddaviddancealldayuntildark?•舌根软腭爆破音/k//g/：软腭抬起，堵住鼻腔通道，舌后部同时隆起紧贴软腭，憋气，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/为清辅音，/g/为浊辅音。•注意和汉语拼音k,g区别•Agoodbeginningmakesforagoodending.•Heisnotagreatguy.•Cutyourcoataccordingtoyourcloth.•Keepoffthegreengrass.•爆破音的特殊情况：•1清辅音浊化：当爆破音/p//t//k/前面有摩擦音，后面紧跟元音时，要改为不送气音。当爆破音/p//t//k/是音节的尾音或是非重读音节时，微弱送气。•例如：speak,school,stupid,stop•keep,let,make,bump,peep•2不完全爆破或失去爆破•两个不同的爆破音相连，第一个音不完全爆破或失去爆破。•两个相同或发音部位相同的爆破音相连，发音要领为一次成阻一次除阻，持阻时间延长，为一个爆破音持阻时间的两倍。•三个爆破音相连，第二个爆破音完全丢失，剩下的按两个爆破音相连的方法发音。•Act,kept,football,goodbye•Biggirl,fasttrain,greatday•Actblindly,lockedcar•摩擦辅音•唇齿摩擦音/f//v/：下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙间穿过，摩擦成音。•/f/发音时送气强，但声带不振动；/v/发音时声带振动，但气流弱。•注意易混音标/w/和/v/•Hediditverywell.•Thedetective/di'tektiv/foundvarious/vεəriəs/photosinthefile.•Thevotewaspositive,notnegative/neɡətiv/.•Virtue/və:tju:/ofvirgin/və:dʒin/wasvaluedverymuch.•舌尖齿背摩擦音/θ//ð/：舌尖轻触上齿下边缘，气流从舌齿间的小缝隙穿出，摩擦成音。/θ/为清辅音，/ð/为浊辅音。•注意易混音标/θ//ð/和/s//z/•Mybrotherwouldratherwander/wɔndə/onthestreetthangohome.•Togetherwewentthroughthickandthin.•Thanktheotherthreebrothersoftheirfather’smother’sbrother’sside.•Thisishissixthbirthday.•舌尖齿龈摩擦音/s//z/：舌前端靠近上齿龈，但不接触，上下齿靠拢，但不咬住，气流由舌端与上齿齿龈穿出，摩擦成音。/s/为清辅音，/z/为浊辅音。•Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.•These/ði:z/boysmadealotofnoise/nɔiz/,theircriescouldbeheardformiles.•Hewashedhisclothesathousandtimes.•舌面齿龈后部摩擦音/ʃ//ʒ/：舌前端抬起靠近上齿龈后部但不贴住，舌身两侧紧贴上颚，中间形成一条狭长的通道，气流通过舌端与上齿龈后部时摩擦成音。双唇稍向前突。/ʃ/是清辅音，/ʒ/是浊辅音。•注意易混音标/ʃ/和/s/•Shouldertoshoulder•Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Soifshesellsshellsontheseashore,I'msureshesellsseashoreshells.•Measure/meʒə/formeasure•声门摩擦音/h/：声门张开，气流不受阻碍自由逸出口腔，声带不振动，只在通过声门时形成轻微摩擦，口型随后面的元音变化。为清辅音。•Acoldhandandawarmheart.•Thereisaholebehindthebed.•Heisholdingahatinhishand.•舌尖齿龈后部摩擦音/r/：舌头卷起靠近上齿龈后部，舌两段收拢轻触上齿龈，双唇稍突出并收圆，气流由舌尖与硬腭间逸出，为浊辅音。•Sorry,I’minahurry.•Realweird/wiəd/rear/riə/wheels.•破擦辅音•舌面前齿龈后音/dʒ//tʃ/：舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈后部形成阻碍。发/ʃ/的动作时解除阻碍，气流通过发出破擦音/dʒ//tʃ/。/tʃ/为清辅音，/dʒ/为浊辅音。•注意/dʒ/不要与拼音/j/混淆•GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.•JennyhadchickenandFrenchfriesforlunch.•Justthinkaboutthejudge/dʒʌdʒ/.•鼻音辅音•/m/：双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔逸出，为浊辅音。•/n/：舌尖紧贴上齿龈形成阻碍，软腭下垂，气流由鼻腔逸出，为浊辅音。•/ŋ/：舌根抬起贴住软腭，发音时软腭下垂，打开鼻腔通道，气流由鼻腔逸出，为浊辅音。•Mymotherrememberswhenmanfirstlandedonthemoon.•Yoursinginganddancingarecharming.•FrommorningtilleveningSamsingsthesamesongagainandagain.•舌侧辅音/l/：•出现在元音前，为清晰音，发音时舌头向硬腭抬起，舌前端紧贴上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出，发音清晰，声带振动，为浊辅音。•出现在辅音前或词末时，为含糊音。发音时，舌尖抵上齿，舌面形成凹槽，舌后部上抬，气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出，并在凹槽中产生共鸣，发音响亮，为浊辅音。•Liveandlearn.•Alittlepill