高考英语中主动表被动现象高三英语课件

高考英语中主动表被动现象一.主动形式表被动的含义:1、Need,want,require（要求，需要）,deserve(应得，值得),beworth(值得），notbear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.这座古建筑需要修了。Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。Ihavemuchworktodo.我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）Tomislookingforaroomtolivein.Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom有主谓关系）Hehasafamilytosupport.他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词+不定式；动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如difficult,easy,comfortable,convenient,hard,cheap,expensive等，不定式用主动表被动。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题很难回答。Theworkiseasytodo.这项工作很好做。Ifoundthecarcomfortabletoridein.我觉得这种车很好坐。Thatmakespoetrydifficulttowrite.那就使得诗很难写。4、在betodosth结构中,这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?这场火灾应由谁负责?Youaretoblamefortheaccident.你应为这事受动责备。Thehouseistolet.Alotremainstodo.5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来),sound(听起来),prove(证明是),feel(摸上去感到),look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等,例如:Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.6、一些与can’t(不能)或won’t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有:lock(锁住),shut(关上),open(打开),act(上演),write(写)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。例如:Thedoorwon‘’topen.Itcan''tmove.7、一些动词如sell(销售),wash(洗),clean(打扫),burn(燃烧),cook(煮)等与副词如well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:Thebooksellswell.Theseclotheswasheasily.Thepenwriteswell.这笔很好写。8、在“therebe”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。Thereisnothingdoingthesedays.这些天没事干。Iseethere’sagoodideaplanning.我知道又在打好主意。Exercises:choosethebestchoice.1.TherearemanygoodfilmsplayedbyChengLongthatareworth_____.A.tobeseenB.beingseenC.seeingD.tosee2.Thefood_____easilyandsells_____.A.cooks;wellB.iscooking;goodC.iscooked;wellD.cooked;good3.Thewindowsofthebuildingcan’t_____.,A.beclosedB.closeC.beclosingD.closedCAB二、主动形式表被动含义：一)、不及物动词的过去分词只表完成不表被动，因此在be+p.p.的句型中看似被动实际是主动。例如：begoneThedaysaregonewhenChinawasbothpoorandbackward.二）、很多时候过去分词都变成了形容词,因此也是看似被动实际表主动,尤其是后边加介词更为多见。例如：beinterested(in…)类似的动词有：besurprised,beexcited,bepleased,besatisfied,bedisappointed,beshocked,bemoved,beamazed,befrightened,bedelighted,beashamed等。三）、某些特殊动词：1.beseated=sitdown,takeone’sseat就座Pleasebeseated,ladiesandgentlemen.女士们、先生们,请就座.Thewomanseatedbythewindowishismother.=Thewomansittingbythewindowishismother.这样的动词本来就是及物动词，而且后面可跟反身代词做宾语．Sheseatedherselfonthesofa.2.beprepared(for…)=prepare(for…);beready(for…)）（为…)准备好Shewaspreparedforanythingtohappen.她已准备好应付一切.Well-preparedfortheexam,allthestudentstookitconfidently.3.beworried(about…)=worry(about…)对…担心Shewasworriedabouthermissingson.=Sheworriedherselfabouthermissingson.4.bedressed(in…)=wear…穿着…Sheisdressedinredtoday.Hurryupandgetdressed!快点穿上衣服!5.beconcerned(about/with…)=careabout…/berelevantto…/beabout…关心…;与…有关联Weareallconcernedabouthishealth.We'reallconcernedforhersafety.Thisbookisconcernedwiththeadolescentcrime.5.besupposed(to…)=should应该AmIsupposedtocleanalltheroomsorjustthisone?=ShouldIcleanalltheroomsorjustthisone?6.bedevotedto=belovingorloyal热爱的;忠实的Sheisdevotedtoherchildren.她深爱她的孩子.Herlifewasdevotedtocaringforthesickandneedy.她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。7.beaddicted(to…)=bestronglyinterested(in…)对…上瘾Hewasaddictedtosmoking.8.beused(to…)习惯于…Afterthreeweeksshehadgotusedtotheextremeheat.9.beaccustomed(to…)=beused(to…)习惯（于….)Isoongotaccustomedtohisstrangeways.我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的做法.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenverbs:1.________(dress)inwhite,helookslikeadoctor.2.After_______(stay)herefor1year,he________________(accustom)tothehotweather.3.You_____________(suppose)toarriveherebefore8o’clock.4.Youcanpasstheexamaslongasyou________________(prepare,well)forit.5.Afterallthepeople____________(seat),thechairmanannouncedthestartofthemeeting.Dressedstayingisaccustomedaresupposedarewell-preparedwereseated