DC-literature-of-colonial-american

1HistoryandAnthologyofAmericanLiterature美国文学史及其选读邓畅[e-mail]2(1)EarlyAmericanLiterature1620-1820ⅠTheLiteratureofColonialAmericaⅡTheLiteratureofReasonandRevolution(2)AmericanRomanticism1820-1865(3)AmericanRealism1865-1910(4)AmericanModernism1910-1960MajorPeriodsofAmericanLiteraryDevelopment3MajorPeriodsofEnglishLiterature1.TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(ThePeriodofOldEnglishLiterature)2.TheAnglo-NormanPeriod(ThePeriodofMedievalEnglishLiterature)3.TheRenaissance4.The17thCentury(TheperiodofRevolutionandRestoration)5.The18thCentury(TheAgeofEnlightenmentinEngland)6.TheRomanticPeriod(RomanticisminEngland)47.TheVictorianAge(CriticalRealisminEngland)8.TheModernPeriod(Modernism)9.ThePostmodernPeriod(postmodernism)MajorPeriodsofEnglishLiterature5MarcusCunliffe,TheLiteratureoftheUnitedStatesRobertSpiller,TheCycleofAmericanLiteratureRodW.HortonandHerbertW.Edward,BackgroundsofAmericanLiteraryThought常耀信，《美国文学简史》常耀信，《美国文学选读》童明，《美国文学史》Rubinstein,Annette.AmericanLiterature,RootandFlowering（《美国文学的源和流》史志康主编，《美国文学背景概观》刘海平、王守仁等主编，《新编美国文学史》6PartITheLiteratureofColonialAmerica7ChapterOne:ColonialBeginningsHistoricalBackgroundPuritanThoughtsMajorWritersandLiteraryWorks8TheUnitedStates9starsandstripes星条旗10HistoricalIntroduction：WhatdoyouknowaboutAmericanearlyhistory?11HistoricalIntroduction：•I.ThenativeAmericanandtheirculture–Indians•TheIndianscreatedtheirownliteratureintheirstrugglewiththenature.Itwasmainlyoralliteratureincludingfolktales,songs,sacredstories,andnarrativeaccountsofgodsandheroes.12Whoweretheearliestsettlers?P1•TheearliestsettlersincludedDutch,Swedes,Germans,French,Spaniards,Italians,andPortuguese.WhatbegintheAmericannationalhistory？TheEnglishsettlementsinVirginiaandMassachusettsbeganthemainstreamofAmericannationalhistory.13HistoricalBackground1.Earlyhistory:1492?1607?1620?1)In1492,ChristopherColumbusfoundthenewcontinentcalledAmerica.2)ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericawasestablishedatJamestown,Virginiain1607.（JohnSmith）3)In1620,102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledonthenewcontinent“NewEngland”.14“五月花”号(Mayflower)•以第一艘运载英国移民驶往北美建立普利茅斯殖民地的船只和在该船上制定《“五月花”号公约》而闻名。载重约180吨，长90英尺。•分离派(separatists)是英国清教中最激进的一派，由于受英国国教的残酷迫害，1608年8月前往荷兰。一部分教徒决定迁居北美，并与弗吉尼亚公司签订移民合同。1620年9月，在牧师布莱斯特率领下l02人乘“五月花”号前往北美。11月21日，到达科德角，于圣诞节后第一天在普利茅斯地方上岸。登陆前，由分离派领袖主持制定《“五月花”号公约》。其内容为：组织公民团体；拟定公正的法律、法令、规章和条例。此公约奠定了新英格兰诸州自治政府的基础。15TheShipofMayflower16ThanksgivingDay17Section2PuritanthoughtsWhydidthePuritanscometoAmerica?Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?--toreformtheChurchofEngland--toescapereligiouspersecution,insearchofreligiousfreedom--tohaveanentirelynewchurch18HistoricalBackgroundBelief---Puritanism•Puritanswantedto“purifythechurch”toitsoriginalstate,becausetheythoughtthechurchwascorruptedandhadtoomanyritualsacodeofvaluesaphilosophyoflifeCalviniststookrootsintheNewWorld19加尔文五要点：完全无能力（Totalinability）或全然败坏（Totaldepravity）人类由于亚当的堕落而无法以自己的能力作任何灵性上的善事。无条件选择（Unconditionalelection）上帝对于罪人拣选是无条件的，他的拣选并非因为人在伦理道德上的优点，也非他预见了人将发生的信心。有限的代赎（Limitedatonement）基督钉十字架只是为那些预先蒙选之人，不是为世上所有的人。不可抗拒的恩典（Irresistiblegrace）人类不可能拒绝上帝的救恩，上帝拯救人的恩典不可能因为人的原因而被阻挠，无法被人拒绝。圣徒蒙保守（Perseverenceofthesaints）已经得到的救恩不会再次丧失掉，上帝必能保守其拣选的。这五点教义的英文首字字母恰Tulip，即“郁金香”之义。20ThedominatingvaluesofthePuritanwere___________.•A.hardwork•B.thrift•C.piety•D.sobriety21DoctrinesofPuritanstakingreligionasthemostimportantthing;livingforglorifyingGod;believingpredestination（命运天定）,originalsin(原罪，人生下来就是有罪的，因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),totaldepravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到最好以取悦上帝),limitedatonement(有限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救)22AmericanPuritanismFeaturesofAmericanPuritanidealistdreamtheywouldbuildthenewlandtoanEdenonearth.morepractical,tougherthesevereconditionsstruggleforsurvivalpreoccupiedwithbusinessandprofits23AmericanPuritanismEnduringshapinginfluenceonliterature①BasisofAmericanliteraturewentintothemakingofAmericanliteraturedreamedoflivingunderaperfectorderworkedwithcouragehopedtobuildanEdenofGardenonearthfacedtheworstoflifewithoptimismAllliteratureisbasedonamyth–gardenofEden.24AmericanPuritanism②ContributingtothedevelopmentofSymbolism（象征主义）:atechnique,widelyusedPuritansthoughtthatallthesimpleobjectsexistingintheworldconnoteddeepmeaning.Symbolismmeansusingsymbolsinliteraryworks.Thesymbolmeanssomethingthatrepresentsorstandsforabstractdeepmeaning.25AmericanPuritanism③Influencingthestyleofliterature:simple,freshanddirect(justasthestyleoftheAuthorizedVersionofHolyBible)WithoutunderstandingofPuritanism,therecanbenogoodunderstandingofAmericancultureandliterature.26Section3Literature1.Whatarethefirstwriting?p2ThefirstwritingsthatwecallAmericanwerethenarrativesandjournalsofthesesettlements.histories,letters,travelbooks,contract,governmentcharters,statement27Writersofcolonialperiod•JohnSmith•WilliamBradford•JohnWinthrop•JohnCotton•RogerWilliams•AnneBradstreet•EdwardTaylor28JohnSmith(1580–1631)the1stAmericanWriter;soldier,sailor,ATrueRelationofSuchOccurrences&AccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony.(1608)《殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚开拓以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》29JohnSmith(1580–1