人教版英语必修一第一单元知识点详解

人教版英语必修一第一单元知识点修改贴切版词汇部分部短语归纳对写作有帮助的短语词语辨析1.addup/addupto2.power(人或国家机构的能力权利)/energy（物理学上的）/force（自然界法律道德感情或军事力量）/strength（固有的潜力，着重指人的）3,havegotto直接加notHave直接提前和haveto借助助动词do，句中有频度副词时候只能用haveto词形变化1.ignorevt.忽视ignorancen.无知ignorantadj.无知的2.duskn.黄昏;傍晚duskyadj.昏暗的;黑暗的3.addv.添加;增加additionn.加,附加additionaladj.添加的;附加的重点单词1.upsetadj.心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的vt.(upset,upset)2.concernv.担忧;涉及;关系到n.担心，关注；（利害）关系3.settlevt.安家；定居；停留vt.使定居，安家；解决4.suffervt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历5.disagreevt.不同意重点词组1.addup合计2.gothrough经历；经受3.onpurpose故意4.getalongwith与某人相处；(工作的)进展5.inorderto为了……重点句子1.Motheraskedherif/whethershewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.2.Idon’tsetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo…3.…itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface.重点语法直接引语和间接引语拓展练习自测语言要点(模块)一、短语归纳1.做个好朋友tobeagoodfriend2.做下列调查makethefollowingsurvey3.合计总分addupthescore4.得分getpoints5.心烦意乱地来到学校cometoschoolupset6.不理睬铃声ignorethebell7.使你那个德国朋友平静下来calmdownyourGermanfriend8.关心你朋友beconcernedaboutyourfriend(s)9.松开了getloose10.不得不去户外遛狗havegottowalkthedogoutdoors11.帮他期末考试作弊helphimcheatintheend-of-termexam12.列出理由makealistofreasons/listthereasons13.记下一连串的请求setdownaseriesofrequests14.根据问卷调查accordingtothequestionnaire15.根据编辑的忠告accordingtotheeditor’sadvice16.为了分担你的困难inordertoshareyourdifficulties/troubles17.与老板相爱fallinlovewiththeboss18.与我的同桌相处融洽getalong/onwellwithmydeskmate19.关心青少年beconcernedaboutteenagers20.为了和老板面对面地交流inordertocommunicatewiththebossfacetoface21.信任政府trust/believeinthegovernment22.经历了太多的战争gothroughtoomanywars23.相邻的城镇neighboringtowns24.相邻的国家neighboringcountries二、.词语辨析1.cheat/fool【解释】cheat主要指盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等。fool“愚弄”，指利用人缺乏常识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空答案:1).cheated2).fool1).Youmayget_________inthatshop.2).Hecan’t__________her.Sheseesthroughhimeverytime.2.calm/quiet/silent/still【解释】calm天气、水、水面（表风平浪静）；（指人时）表示镇定自如。quiet表“宁静”、“安静”、“寂静”，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静。指人时侧重性格温和，文静。silent表“沉默”、“不发言”、“不说话”，常常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语。still“不动的”，指人时侧重一动不动，；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).Pleasestand__________whileItakeyourphoto.2).Whydoyoukeep__________?3).Everythingwas___________.4).Heremained___________inthefaceoftheenemy.答案:1).still2).silent3).quiet4).calm三.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1.ignorevt.忽视ignorancen.无知ignorantadj.无知的2.duskn.黄昏;傍晚dusky.adj.昏暗的;黑暗的3.addv.添加;增加additionn.加,附加additionaladj.添加的;附加的4.dustyadj.积满灰尘的dustn.灰尘四.重点词汇1.surveyn.调查，勘察，检测Thereportermadeasurveyofriverpollution.短语makeasurveyof…做…调查。[典例]CCTV_____publicopinionaboutthepoisonousmilkpowder.A.makealistofB.makearecordofC.makeasurveyofD.makefunof问：其他三个词组是什么意思呢？2.upsetadj.心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的vt.(upset,upset)[典例]1).Jameswasupsetbecausehehadlosthisticket.詹姆斯很烦躁因为他把票弄丢了。2).Iwasveryupsetbecauseoneofmyfriendswasrudetome.我很心烦，因为我的一个朋友对我很无理。3).Hischeatingintheexamupsethisteacher.他在考试中作弊，这使他老师很生气。4).Thestudentsreallyupsether.学生们着实让她烦恼。注意：upset做动词的时候，主语必须是令人不安的因素。Thebadnewsupsethim.[重点用法]1.beupsetabout/over/at对…感到心烦意乱upsetsth打乱（计划/安排）[练习]Thehurricanecameunexpectedly,witch_____ourplane.A.damagedB.upsetC.harmedD.gaveup3.ignorev.不理睬；忽视Shesawhimcomingbutsheignoredhim.拓展ignorantadj.无知的，粗鲁的，无理的；ignorancen.无知，愚昧，不知道[典例]用ignoranceignorantignore填空。1,他们一直蒙在鼓里，不知道他落了难。Theyremained________ofhiscruelfate.2..对于他的孤陋寡闻，我着实吃了一惊。Iwassurprisedathis________.3．小孩不乖时，别去理他，不久他就会不闹了。________thechildifhemisbehaves,andhewillsoonstop.KEY：ignorantignoranceIgnore4.calmv.使平静；使镇定adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的Jimtriedtocalmthefrightenedchildren.Youshouldkeepcalmeveninthefaceofdanger.拓展：calmdown使平静下来，安静下来Whensheheardthenews,shewassoexcitedthatnothingcouldcalmherdown.Thecryingchildrensooncalmeddown.Calmdown,sir.Whatisthetrouble?5.concernv.担忧;涉及;关系到n.担心，关注；（利害）关系[典例]1).Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.这消息与你兄弟有关。2).Theboy'spoorhealthconcernedhisparents.那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。3).That'snoconcernofmine.那不关我的事。[重点用法]as/sofaras…beconcerned关于；至于；就……而言AsfarasEnglishisconcerned,heisthefirstintheclass.就英语而言，他是全班第一的。beconcernedabout/for关心beconcernedwith与…有关Weareallconcernedabout/forhersafety.Thistextisconcernedwithbasketballstars.[练习]用concern的适当形式填空1).Thereisanarticlethat_______theriseoftheprices.2).Thechildrenarerather_____abouttheirmother’shealth.3).Officialsshould______themselves_______publicaffairs.答案:1).concerns2).concerned3).concern…with6.looseadj.松开的；松的Hewenttothedentistbecausehehadaloosetooth.Checkthatthebuttonhasnotcomeloose.loose构成的短语：come/getloose松开，松动breakloose挣脱let…loose松开，放开，使自由[典例]1.Sheusuallywearshear_______(松散的)。2.Whohas_______________________(放开了狗)？KEY：looseletthedogloose7.seriesn.连续；系列Hehasaseriesoffootballposters.aseriesof…一系列的…，一连串的…，一套…【注意】aseriesof+复数名词做主语的时候，谓语动词需要用单数形式。8.outdoorsadv.在户外；在野外Therainpreventedthemfromeatingoutdoors.拓展：当outdoors做名词的时候意为：野外，郊外的时候通常和the连用Theoutdoors户外野外。outdoor做形容词意为ie：户外的，室外的Iamnotreallytheoutdoortype.9.duskn.黄昏；傍晚Youmustreturntoyourhousebeforedusk.atdusk在黄昏，在傍晚Thestreetlightsgoonatdusk.10.entirelyadv.完全的，全然的，整个的Ientirelyagreewithyou.拓展：entireadj.整个的，完全的Shewastedtheentiredayonit.[练习]用entire和entirely填空1.Thatisan_______differentmatter.2.The________villagewasdestroyed.11.dustyadj.积满灰尘的Theroomwasdusty.Insummerthetownbecomesverydusty.拓展：dustn.灰尘Acloudofdust