直流电机闭环调速控制系统设计

学科门类：单位代码：毕业设计说明书（论文）直流电机闭环控制系统设计学生姓名所学专业班级学号指导教师XXXXXXXXX系二○**年XX月摘要双闭环直流调速系统是一个复杂的自动控制系统，是目前直流调速系统中的主流设备，具有调速范围宽、平稳性好、稳速精度高等优点，在理论和实践方面都是比较成熟的系统，在拖动领域中发挥着极其重要的作用。由于直流电机双闭环调速是各种电机调速系统的基础，本文就直流电机调速进行了较系统的研究，从直流电机的基本特性到单闭环调速系统，然后进行双闭环直流电机设计方法研究，最后用实际系统进行工程设计，并采用MATLAB6.5/SIMULINK进行仿真，分析了双闭环调速系统的工程设计方法中由于忽略和简化造成的误差。对于双闭环直流调速系统，在设计和调试过程中有大量的参数需要计算和调整，运用传统的设计方法工作量大，系统调试困难。本文对双闭环直流调速系统进行辅助设计，选择调节器结构，进行参数计算和近似校验，根据给出和计算出的相应参数，建立起制动、抗电网电压扰动和抗负载扰动的MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真模型，分析转速和电流的仿真波形，并进行调试，使双闭环直流调速系统趋于完善、合理。仿真结果证明了该方法的可行性和合理性。关键词：直流电机双闭环PID控制MATLAB/SIMULINKAbstractThedoubleclosedloopdirectcurrentvelocitymodulationsystemisacomplexautomaticcontrolsystem,isinthepresentdirectcurrentvelocitymodulationsystemmainstreamequipment,hasthevelocitymodulationscopewidth,thestabilityisgood,thesteadyfastprecisionhighermerit,inthetheoryandthepracticeaspectallisthequitematuresystem,indrivesinthedomaintoplaytheextremelyvitalrole.Becausethedirectcurrentmachinedoubleclosedloopvelocitymodulationiseachkindofelectricalmachineryvelocitymodulationsystemfoundation,thisarticlehasconductedmoresystematicresearchonthedirectcurrentmachinevelocitymodulation,fromthedirectcurrentmachinebasiccharacteristictothesingleclosedloopvelocitymodulationsystem,thenconductsthedoubleclosedloopdirectcurrentmachinedesignmethodresearch,finallyusestheactualsystemtocarryontheengineeringdesign,andusesMATLAB6.5/Simulinktocarryonthesimulation,hasanalyzedinthedoubleclosedloopvelocitymodulationsystemengineeringdesignmethodbecauseneglectstheerrorwhichcreateswiththesimplification.Regardingthedoubleclosedloopdirectcurrentvelocitymodulationsystem,hasthemassiveparametersinthedesignandthedebuggingprocesstoneedtocalculateandtoadjust,theutilizationtraditiondesignmethodworkloadisbig,systemdebuggingdifficulty,accordingtoproducesthecorrespondingparameterwhichandcalculates,establishesappliesthebrake,theanti-electricalnetworkvoltageperturbationandtheanti-loadperturbationMATLAB/Simulinksimulationmodel,theanalysisrotationalspeedandtheelectriccurrentsimulationprofile,andcarriesonthedebugging,enablethedoubleclosedloopdirectcurrentvelocitymodulationsystemtotendtotheconsummation,isreasonable.Thesimulationresulthasproventhismethodfeasibilityandtherationality.Keywords:DirecentmactcurrhineDoubleclosedloopPIDcontrol,MATLAB/SIMULINK目录摘要..........................................................................................................IIAbstract.................................................................................................III目录.........................................................................................................IV1绪论........................................................................................................11.1电动机的概述.............................................................................11.1.1电动机的分类.......................................................................11.2直流电机的工作原理.................................................................21.3直流电机的控制方式.................................................................31.4双闭环调速系统的稳态结构图和静态特性.............................31.4.1稳态结构图...........................................................................51.4.1系统静特性...........................................................................52双闭环直流调速系统的数学模型和动态性能分析............................72.1双闭环直流调速系统的动态数学模型.....................................72.2起动过程分析.............................................................................82.2.1起动过程...............................................................................82.2.2分析结果.............................................................................102.3动态抗扰性能分析...................................................................112.3.1抗负载扰动.........................................................................112.3.2抗电网电压扰动.................................................................122.3.3对比分析.............................................................................122.4转速和电流两个调节器的作用...............................................132.4.1转速调节器的作用.............................................................132.4.2电流调节器的作用.............................................................133直流电机双闭环控制系统设计.........................................................143.1双闭环直流调速系统总体设计方案.......................................143.2主电路设计与参数计算...........................................................153.2.1主电路原理图.....................................................................153.2.2整流变压器的设计.............................................................163.2.3晶闸管元件选择.................................................................193.2.4电抗器参数的计算.............................................................203.2.5励磁电路.............................................................................223.2.6三相桥式全控整流电路.....................................................223.2.7晶闸管触发电路.................................................................253.3直流调速系统的保护..............................................