2020年考研英语(一)真题及答案

12020年考研英语（一）真题及参考答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET(10points)TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones._1_ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones_2_onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize,_3_yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou_4_cantfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate_5_tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.Whenyoufindyourselfwell_6_atrail,butnotinacompletely_7_area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:Which_8_isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater._9_,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH20youfind,youshould_10_seesignsofpeopleIfyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe_11_howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.Another_12_Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation._13_evenindensefores,youshouldbeableto_14_gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve_15_thewoods.Headtowardthese_16_tofindawayout.Atmightcanthehorizonfor_17_lightsourcessuchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution._18_,assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe_19_weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazestiretracks.andotherfeaturescan_20_youtocivilization.21.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]All2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]until4.[A]Formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally5.[A]back[B]next[C]around[D]away6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place9.[A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]BesideslO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result13.[A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage[D]Forexample14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate15.[A]form[B]through[C]beyond[D]Under16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D]Generally19.[A]memories[B]marks[C]notes[D]belongings20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]exposeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts,AnswerthequestionseachtextbychoosingAB.CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(40points)3Text1FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear.anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed1oyearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthisclawbackruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisktakingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution,Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies.saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagaintofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglikeChildrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain.henoteshasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmseffortstoinvestinlone-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbedquarterlycapitalism”.Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequitiesquickeruseofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets.Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduceshort-termism.InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallstreetJournalfindsthatasubstantialpartofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.Muchmorecouldbedonetoencouragelong-termism,suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimescanmorevotingrightsinacompany.Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders,Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformancenotjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.421.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleistheA.enhancebankers'senseofresponsibilityBhelpcorporationsachievelargerprofitsC.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulationD.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicateA.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofitsB.governmentsimpatienceindecision-makingC.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompaniesD.short-termismineconomicactivities23.ItisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbeA.inditedB.adverseC.mini