高中英语虚拟语气知识点及练习

虚拟语气：虚拟证据表示说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。一、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法：1、a.IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.b.IfIlivednearmyoffice,Iwouldwalktotheoffice.与现在事实相反，If条件从句谓语：过去式（be用were）主句谓语：should/would/could/might+动词原形2、a.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,Youcouldhavepassedtheexam.b.Ifyouhadturnedoffthegas,thehousewouldn’thavecaughtfire.与过去事实相反，If条件从句谓语：had+动词过去分词主句谓语：should/would/could/might+havedone3、a.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.b.ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.c.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.与将来事实相反：If条件从句谓语：过去式/should+v原形/were+todo主句谓语：should/would/could/might+do二、混合虚拟条件句：不同时间的虚拟，各遵守各的规则，如：a.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.从句叙述与过去事实相反（had+done），主句叙述与现在事实相反（would+v）b.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.从句叙述与现在事实相反（过去式），主句叙述与过去事实相反（wouldhavedone）三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的适用：a.Theydemandedthattheblackpeople(should)betreatedaswellaswhitepeople.b.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffatonce.（建议）Hissmilesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.（暗示，表明）c.Iinsistedthatyou(should)givememymoneyback.（坚决（持），要求）Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.（坚持说/坚持认为）这类动词有：一坚持（insist），二命令（order,command），三建议（advise,suggest,recommend,propose），四要求（require,request,demand,desire）d.IwishIwereabird.Idowishyouwouldcomeearliernexttime.IwishIhaddonebetterinmywork.四、虚拟语气在主语从句中的适用：1.Itwas/isimportant/vital/necessary/appropriate/proper/rightthat……eg:Itisimportantthatwe(should)thinkbeforewedecide.2.Itisimportantthatwe(should)thinkbeforewedecide.据建议/要求/命令……eg:Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildrenalone.五、虚拟语气在表语从句中的适用（与表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令的名词。如：suggestion,proposal,advice,order,demand,requirement等）构成的表语从句常用should+do结构eg：Oursuggestionisthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.六、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的适用（与表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令的名词。如：suggestion,proposal,advice,order,demand,requirement等）构成的同位语从句中常用should+do结构eg:Doctorsgiveussomeadvicethatwe(should)paymoreattentiontoourhealth.七、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气：由butfor（要不是），Without（要是没有），otherwise（要不然）,but等引导如：butforthestorm,Iwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavepassedthedrivingtest.Iwastoobusyatthattime.OtherwiseIwouldhavecalledyou.Iwouldhavecometoseeyou,butIwastoobusy.注意：句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。八、虚拟语气的其他用法1、It’s(high)timethat从句:(从句用过去式或者should+动词原形eg：It’shightimethatyouwenttoschool.2、Ifonly（要是……就好了……）用一般过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成的表示与过去事实相反。eg：IfonlyIwereafilmstar.IfonlyIhadknownhisphoneunmber.3、asif引导的方式状语从句中的虚拟语气：eg:HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadlearnedEnglishinAmericaforyears.HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgoabroad.4、wouldrather+that从句中的虚拟语气eg:Iwouldratherthatyoupaidmenow.Iwouldratherthatyouhadn’tdoneitbefore.5、虚拟语气也常用于“ifitwere/hadbeennotfor……”句型中，意为“要不是……”eg:Ifitwerenotforpeace,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Ifithadnotbeenforyouradvice,Iwouldnothaveacceptedthejob.6、省略if的虚拟语气：从句中有were,had,should等词语，省略if，将were,had,should提到句首，如：a.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.b.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.→Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.c.IfIhadhadthemoneylastyear,Iwouldhaveboughtthehouse.→HadIhadthemoneylastyear,Iwouldhaveboughtthehouse.（）1.Ifweadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmade（）2.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathesomethinginsteadofjusttaking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did（）3.Don’thandlethevaseasifitmadeofsteel.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen（）4.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had（）5.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewemoreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited（）6.Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.haslivedD.weretolive（）7.Wethedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?A.shouldfaceB.mightfaceC.couldhavefacedD.musthavefaced（）8.Ifmycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe（）9.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,theysecondthoughts.A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad（）10.―Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.―Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen（）11.Ithroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone（）12.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying（）13.Teachersrecommendparentstheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow（）14.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow（）15.―Johnwenttothehospitalalone.―Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold（）16.―Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.―Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables.A.wouldn’tdieB.didn’tdieC.hadn’tdiedD.wouldn’thavedied（）17.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerpro