英语语言学概论试卷

精品文档.2013-2014学年第2学期期末考试（B）卷课程名称《英语语言学概论》任课教师签名程建山出题教师签名程建山审题教师签名王婉华考试方式（闭）卷适用专业2011级英语专业考试时间（120）分钟题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分评卷人I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(2%×10=20%)1.AccordingtoSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,thesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetoabideby.A.languageB.langueC.paroleD.competence2.VowelscanbeclassifiedintermsofeachofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT_______.A.positionofthetongueB.opennessofthemouthC.mannerofarticulationD.shapeofthelips3.Intermsofmannerofarticulation,theEnglishconsonants［s］and［z］areclassifiedas______.A.liquidsB.affricatesC.stopsD.fricatives4.Thereare_______morphemesintheword“frightening.”A.2B.3C.4D.55.Semantically,thesentence“Iregretsteppingonyourbook”______thesentence“Isteppedonyourbook.”A.presupposesB.entailsC.contradictsD.issynonymouswith6.AccordingtoJohnAustin’sspeechacttheory,a(n)______actistheactperformedbysayingsomething.A.prelocutionaryB.locutionaryC.illocutionaryD.perlocutionary7.AllthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______aretheexampleswhichcanbeusedtoillustratesemanticnarrowing.A.auntB.wifeC.houndD.fowl8.Inmanycultures,wordsrelatingtosex,sexorgans,andnaturalbodilyfunctionsmakeupalargerpartof______vocabulary.A.genderB.euphemismC.slangD.taboo9.SpeakerA:I’moutofpetrol.精品文档.SpeakerB:There’sagarageroundthecorner.SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof_______.A.quantityB.qualityC.relationD.manner10.Atypicalexampleofa_______communityisanethnicghettowheremost,ifnotall,ofitsinhabitantsareeitherimmigrantsorchildrenofimmigrants.A.diglossicB.bilingualC.pidginizedD.creolizedII.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Culturaltreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker,andtheyarenotsimplybiologicallypassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.12.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledsfeatures,whicharethephonologicalpropertiesofsuchunitsasthesyllable,theword,andthesentence.13.Daffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword.ThisisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.14.Acsentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.15.Ifwesay“Thebabyiscrying,”wemustbetalkingaboutacertainbabycryinginacertainsituation;theword“baby”meansababyknowntoboththespeakerandthehearer,whichistheroftheword“baby”inthisparticularsituation.16.Therelationshipbetweenthewordsinsuchpairsas“buy”and“by,”“stationary”and“stationery”canbelabeledash_____.17.Inanaprocess,successivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanotherintermsofplaceormannerofarticulation,orofhaplology.18.Insociolinguisticstudies,apidginizeddialectmayexpandandeventuallybecomethenativelanguageofacertainpopulation,whichisknownasc.19.Alinguistict______referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.20.Speechv_________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)21.Speechandwritingarethetwomajormediaofcommunication.Inlinguisticevolution,however,speechispriortowriting,therefore,thespokenlanguageratherthanthewrittenshouldbegivenpriorityinmodernlinguistics.22.Therearetwowaysnowavailabletotranscribespeechsounds:broadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription,ofwhichthereallyrequiredandusedby精品文档.populartextbookanddictionarywritersisthelatter.23.Prefixesareaddedtothebeginningofstems;theymodifythemeaningofthestem,butdonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.24.Compoundshavedifferentstresspatternsfromnon-compoundedwordsequences.Ingeneral,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthesecondword,whilethefirstwordreceivessecondarystress.25.Sentenceisusuallyconceivedasthelargestunitofgrammar.Normally,asentencecontainsatleastasubjectandafiniteverboraverbphraseasitspredicate.26.Thepairofwords,“husband”and“wife,”arecomplementaryantonyms.27.Onelinguisticsymbolcanhavedifferentreferenceswhilebearingthesamesense.Therearealsooccasions,thoughlessfrequent,whenlinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.28.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.29.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.30.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.Ⅳ.Directions:Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×10=30%)31.arbitrariness32.parole33.consonants34.boundmorpheme35.back-formation36.syntax37.sense38.pragmatics39.hyponymy40.sociolectV.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Drawatreediagramofconstituentstructureforeachofthefollowi