初中英语语法：名词

名词名词的分类和数名词的量和格主谓一致语言知识与应用（一）普通名词专有名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词tree,city,teacher,man,holiday…police,people,clothes,family…paper,bread,light,air,gas…truth,honesty,friendship,money…Mary,China,London,theGreatWall,theYoungPioneer2、按可数性分个体名词集体名词可数c.n.物质名词抽象名词不可数u.n.一、名词的分类1、按意义分1、规则名词的变化(1)-s(2)–es:以x,s,sh,ch结尾;注意：mouth--physics/maths-+单谓例外：stomach--stomachs(3)辅音字母+y结尾，去y变-ies;story-storiesbody-bodies注意：Mary-Marys,Henry–Henrys,Harry-Harrys(4)元音字母+y结尾，直接+s;注意：toy-toys,boy-boys,holiday-holidays(5)以-f,-fe结尾，去-f,-fe变-ves；life-lives,wife-wives,knife-knives,thief-thieves,shelf-shelves,wolf-wolves,half-halves例外：roof-roofs,proof–proofs,(6)以-o结尾，+s/espotato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroesphoto-photos,radio-radios,piano-pianos,zoo-zoos二、名词的数以f(e)结尾的名词复数顺口溜妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。【妙语诠释】中学阶段九个以—f(e)结尾的名词：wife(妻子)knife(小刀)wolf(狼)thief(小偷)shelf(架子)self(自己)life(生命)half(一半)leaf(树叶)这九个词变复数时，都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词，其变化与self相同如：myself→ourselves注意：fishu.n.c.n.鱼肉fish鱼（条数）fishes鱼（种类)(1)foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese(2)man-men,woman-women例外：human-humans,German-Germans,Roman-Romans,walkman-walkmans,discman-discmans(3)child-children,ox-oxen(4)mouse-mice3.单复数同形Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,sheep,deer…2.不规则的变化4.复合名词的复数(1)womandoctor-womendoctorsgirl/boystudent—girl/boystudents(2)father-in-law---fathers-in-law(岳父)5.其他theWangstheWrightBrothers6.惯用单数和复数的词组catchone’seyewithone’sowneyesmakefriendswithshakehandswithsb.thesportsmeetingtheOlympicGames=theOlympicsdo(morning/eye)exercisestakenotescut/breakintopieces…+复谓复谓单谓名词单数变复数规则【速记口诀】单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加s，特殊有几处：x\ch\sh\s结尾，es不离后，末尾字母o，大多加s，词尾f、fe，s前有v和e；【说明】没有规则的名词，必须单独记。三、名词种类的转化paperu.n.纸papersc.n卷子，报纸tea/coffeeu.n.茶，咖啡（物质）teas/coffeesc.n.(量）glassu.n.玻璃glassesc.n.眼镜clothu.n.布clothesc.n.衣服总称achickenc.n.小鸡chickenu.n.鸡肉lightu.n.光lightsc.n.灯aroomc.n.房间roomu.n.空间…注意：有些抽象名词和物质名词+adj.,可具体化。haveagoodtimehavedinnerhaveabigdinnerabighelphavealongtalk…说出下列名词的复数dictionaryfamilyfootchildfridgeholidaymonthJapaneseknifekeymatchmouthmovieorangesheeppotatotomatoradioplayrailwaythiefwaitressvictorywomandashzoohobbyUFOlifetoothmousevideopolicemanwifeglasshumanromanssiessesessiesesiesiesesesiesesphotoairportarmyGermanboxbrushcameracityclasscopycountrydishdressenemyfishiesies-ee--rensss-vessessss-esessssvesesies-menessiessves-ee-micesmenvesesssanswerAmericansmilenewsadviceiceChinesegrassmilkideakilogramlawlunchmealmeatmusicmedicinepicnicprogrameshoeseasontaxitraveltripbiscuiteventeyesighthouseworkjobpostagerecordsauceshampoosteamwhaleturkeyvapourliquidairloafkindnessgeographyhonestyfriendshipbookuniversityumbrellaanana///a//anaa/a///aaaaaaaaan//a/a///aa///a////aaan在下列词中的可数名词前加a(n),不可数名词前加/1.Intherestaurantwelearnedhowtoserve（服务）____________(顾客)2.Therearemany_________________(女医生)inthechildren’shospital3.Liquidscanbeturnedinto____________(气体).4.WeoftengotoShanghaiLibrary___________________________(星期日下午)5.Ourschoolhas___________________(八十年的历史)6.---Excuseme,where’s___________________(教师办公室)?7.Oh,somany____________(巧克力)inthebox!customerswomendoctorsgasesonSundayafternoonsahistoryof80yearstheteachers’officechocolates完成下列句子8.Mike,youareplaying____________(电子游戏)again.9.Mothergot__________(东西)readyforthenextday’spicnic.10.---______________________(祝你玩得愉快)---Thesametoyou.11.At_____________(周末)weoftengoswimming.12.Billy,takeoffyour____________(眼镜).Let’shave_______________(检查)on_________(视力).13.Theoldmanwashappytoseemanyhighrises__________________.(亲眼)14.Iwonderhowmany__________(女服务员)watchedthefirstperformanceofthesinginggroup.weekendsglassesacheckupwaitresseswithhisowneyeseyesightHaveagoodtimethingscomputergames15.I’msurethat_____________________(奥林匹克运动会)willbeheldinourcountryoneday.16.Thestoresells_________________(运动鞋)formiddleschoolstudents.17.They___________________________(握手)warmlywhentheywereintroducedtoeachother.18.“__________________(两杯咖啡),please.”Mr.Smithsaidtothewaiterashesatdown.19.Ashiningcoinontheground_______________________(引起我注意).theOlympicGamessportsshoesshookhandswitheachotherTwocoffeescaughtmyeye20.Thechildrenanswer_____________(异口同声).21.Theweatherstationsaidthattherewouldbe________________(一场大雨)aftermidnight.22.---Wouldyouhavealittlemore________(鱼)?---No,thanks.23.Isthere__________________(足够的地方)inthecornerofanotherchair?24.Don’t______________(吵闹)whenyougoupanddownthestairs.25.Hewenttothesoretobuysome________.(鸡蛋)eggsmakeanoiseenoughroomfishaheavyrainwithonevoice名词的量和格名词的量的表达名词所有格1、可数名词的数数字＋名词的复数twoeggs,tenbooks2、不可数名词量词＋名词apieceofpaper,aloafofbread常用搭配：apieceofpaper,apieceofnews,apieceofbread,apieceofmeat,apieceofadvice,apieceofinformation,apieceofchalkabowlof,abottleof,acupofcoffee,aglassofwater,adropofwater,abagofrice,abasinofwater,ablockofice,twopiecesof,apairof…3、惯用复数的词trousers,shoes,clothes,glassesBut:oneshoe,twoshoes名词的数4、修饰可数和不可数的其他词或词组few,afew,many,several,alarge/smallnumberof+可数名词little,alittle,much,alarge/smallamountof,agreatdealof+不可数名词some,any,plentyof,enough,alotof/lotsof+可数/不可数名词名词格的构成mydad’sdog,Mr.White’sWilliams’pupils,theteachers’office,Children’sDay,people’slifeMaryandPeter’sdesk,anh