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非谓语动词(Non-predicateVerbs)lyq一、明确谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式的区别二、明确谓语动词的否定与谓语语动词否定的区别三、明确句子谓语的主语与非谓语逻辑主语的区别四、初步掌握分析非谓语动词的方法一、明确谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式的区别(一)阅读下列句子,注意划线部分的谓语动词的构成(时态、语态和语气)1.Ihavewrittenhimtwoletterssofar.2.2.Thebuildingwillbefinishednextmonth.3.3.Listencarefully.4.4.Youshouldhavecleanedtheroom.一般式完成进行完成进行现在take/takeshave/hastakenam/is/aretakinghave/hasbeentaking过去tookhadtakenwas/weretakinghadbeentaking现在将来Will/shalltakewillhavetakenwill/shallbetakingwill/shallhavebeentaking过去将来Would/shouldtakewould/shouldhavetakenwould/shouldbetakingwould/shouldhavebeentaking谓语动词的形式(以take为例)主动语态被动语态一般式完成进行现在am/is/aretakenhave/hasbeentakenam/is/arebeingtaken过去was/weretakenhadbeentakenwas/werebeingtaken现在将来Will/shallbetakenwillhavebeentaken过去将来Would/shouldbetakenwould/shouldhavebeentaken归纳总结谓语动词是有正确的时态、语态和语气的动词形式:除了一般现在时和过去时以外,都包含一个系动词或助动词或情态动词。(二)阅读下列句子注意划线部分非谓语动词的构成不定式1.Thelastonetoarrivepaysthemeal.2.Hepretendedtobelisteningtomecarefully.3.Sheissaidtohavejustcompletedanovel.4.Theexperimentwassaidtohavebeendonetwice.5.Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.过去分词Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.Ifoundthemseatedattheback.现在分词1.Don’tsitthere,doingnothing.2.Havingfailedtoreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.10.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecenthavingbeenlaunchedattheendoflastMarch.3.Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.名称一般形式完成形式进行形式不定式主动形式totaketohavetakentobetaking不定式被动动形式tobetakentohavebeentakenV-ing主动形式takinghavingtakenV-ing被动形式beingtakenhavingbeentakenVed形式TakenV-ed非谓动词形式归纳总结:不定式前面都有一个小品词to;现在分词是动词后加ing构成;规则过去分词是动词后加ed。Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_______fortheday.[2007重庆卷]A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished二、明确谓语动词的否定与非谓语动词否定的区别谓语动词非谓语动词Hedoesn’tlikemaths.Sheisn’tcomingtomorrow.Theyhaven’tdonetheexperiment.Theenginewon’tstart.Youmustn’tleavethingseverywhere.Hedidn’tplaybasketballyesterday.Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.Hetoldmenottoopenthewindow.Notwelldesigned,thebridgecollapsedsoonafteritwascompleted.Hisnotcomingontimeletmedown.阅读下列句子,区别谓语和非谓语的否定归纳总结:谓语动词的否定借助于助动词+not来实现非谓语的否定借助于not来实现—It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister.—____________herthisweekend?[2007全国卷I]A.WhynotvisitB.whynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydon’tvisit三、明确句子谓语的主语与非谓语逻辑主语的区别阅读下列句子,谓语的主语与非谓语逻辑主语主语逻辑主语ThetableismadeinChina.Hecan’tjumpthathigh.Thetallerofthetwoboysisabsent.Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.Whathesaidwasrightthen.ItissaidthathewillvisitChina.Hetoldmetoleaveatonce.(不定式作宾补)Hespokeinaloudvoicetomakehimselfheard.(不定式作状语)Heofferedtohelpus.(不定式作宾语)Walkinginthestreet,hehappenedtomeetJane.(分词作状语)Thetreesplantedlastyeargrowwell.(定语)Peopletherewereallexcitedatthenews.(分词作表语)Ifoundhimlyingonthegrass.(分词宾补)It’simportantforyoutomasteraforeignlanguage.(不定式的逻辑主语)Itwascarelessofustoforgettolockthedoor.(不定式的逻辑主语)Hisleavingisagreatloss.(动名词)归纳总结:谓语动词的主语是用名词、代词、不定式、动名词还有从句担任,一般放在谓语动词前面.非谓语动词的逻辑主语是由句子的成分兼任的(作状语由主语、作宾补由宾语、作定语由修饰的中心词、作表语由主语兼任);(个别不定式使用forsb或ofsb;动名词是用形容词性的物主代词做宾语,不在句首时可以用宾格来代替)四、初步掌握分析非谓语动词的问题方法一个中心,两个基本点(一)五个基本句型观察下面五个句子(五个基本句型),判断一下他们都有哪些共同的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、表语)1.HelivesinBeijing.2.Hewroteanovel.3.Ataxiwasn’tnecessaryatall.4.Ihavewrittenmetwoletterssofar.5.Ifoundhimlyingonthegrass.主语谓语状语时态语态语气过去现在将来一般过去过去进行过去将来过去完成过去完成进行一般现在现在进行现在完成现在完成进行一般将来将来进行将来完成主动语态被动语态陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气谓语系动词不及物动词及物动词主系表主谓结构单宾语双宾语复合宾语主谓宾主谓宾宾主谓宾宾补归纳总结:一个句子里有一个主语和一个谓语。狭义上讲:一个句子只有一个主语和一个谓语动词。(二)一个中心,两个基本点1、他躺在那里。Helaythere.2、他躺在那里望着天空。A.有连词:B.没有连词:Helaythereandlookedintothesky.Helaythere,lookingintothesky.阅读下列句子,观察:非谓语动词语逻辑主语的关系(主动还是被动);与谓语动词时间的关系(之前、同时还是之后发生)1.Helaythere,lookingintothesky.2.Drivenbyagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.3.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebanktobuypresents.4.Havingfailedtoreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.5.Sheissaidtohavejustcompletedanovel.总结:非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系:表示主动用V-ing、表示被动用V-ed;与谓语动词时间的关系:同时发生用:v-ing的一般形式、发生在之前用:完成形式;发生在之后用:不定式的一般形式。一个中心;两个基本点:一个句子只有一个主语和一个谓语,这是构成句子的核心;出现第二个动词时,如果有连词那就是并列谓语,如果没有连词就使用非谓语。使用非谓语时要明确两种关系:一是与逻辑主语的关系,与逻辑主语是被动关系使用过去分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系使用现在分词;第二种关系是非谓语动词发生的时间与谓语动词的关系:与谓语动词同时发生使用现在分词的一般形式(doing)、先于谓语发生使用现在分词的完成形式(havingdone)有时也用(tohavedone)、后于谓语发生使用不定式的一般形式(todo).Don'tsitthere________nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.(06湖北—34)A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoingI'mcallingtoenquireaboutthepositioninyesterday'sChinaDaily.(10北京卷25).A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertisedThereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting.(江西卷32)A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered________manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.(四川卷10)A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.(辽宁卷27)ABeingawinnerBTobeawinnerCBeawinnerDHavingbeenawinner阅读下列句子辨析分词不定式的被动语态与过去分词的区别:Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.归纳总结:现在分词的被动语态表示动作正在进行、不定式表示将来发生而过去分词表示已经发生。Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.(10山东卷22)A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding(三)独立主格结构1.Itrained
本文标题:非谓语
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