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1了liǎo凡fán四sì训xùn一yī、立lì命mìng之zhī学xué余yú童tóng年nián丧sàng父fù,老lǎo母mǔ命mìng弃qì举jǔ业yè学xué医yī,谓wèi可kě以yǐ养yǎng生shēng,可kě以yǐ济jì人rén,且qiě习xí一yí艺yì以yǐ成chéng名míng,尔ěr父fù夙sù心xīn也yě。后hòu余yú在zài慈cí云yún寺sì,遇yù一yī老lǎo者zhě,修xiū髯rán伟wěi貌mào,飘piāo飘piāo若ruò仙xiān,余yú敬jìng礼lǐ之zhī。语yù余yú曰yuē:“子zǐ仕shì路lù中zhōng人rén也yě,明míng年nián即jí进jìn学xué,何hé不bù读dú书shū?”余yú告gào以yǐ故gù,并bìng叩kòu老lǎo者zhě姓xìng氏shì里lǐ居jū。曰yuē:“吾wú姓xìng孔kǒng,云yún南nán人rén也yě。得dé邵shào子zǐ皇huáng极jí数shù正zhèng传chuán,数shù该gāi传chuán汝rǔ。”余yú引yǐn之zhī归guī,告gào母mǔ。母mǔ曰yuē:“善shàn待dài之zhī。”试shì其qí数shù,纤xiān悉xī皆jiē验yàn。余yú遂suì起qǐ读dú书shū之zhī念niàn,谋móu之zhī表biǎo兄xiōng沈shěn2称chēng,言yán郁yù海hǎi谷gǔ先xiān生shēng,在zài沈shěn友yǒu夫fū家jiā开kāi馆guǎn,我wǒ送sòng汝rǔ寄jì学xué甚shèn便biàn。余yú遂suì礼lǐ郁yù为wéi师shī。孔kǒng为wèi余yú起qǐ数shù,县xiàn考kǎo童tóng生shēng,当dāng十shí四sì名míng,府fǔ考kǎo七qī十shí一yī名míng,提tí学xué考kǎo第dì九jiǔ名míng。明míng年nián赴fù考kǎo,三sān处chù名míng数shù皆jiē合hé。复fù为wèi卜bǔ终zhōng身shēn休xiū咎jiù,言yán某mǒu年nián考kǎo第dì几jǐ名míng,某mǒu年nián当dāng补bǔ廪lǐn,某mǒu年nián当dāng贡gòng,贡gòng后hòu某mǒu年nián当dāng选xuǎn四sì川chuān一yí大dà尹yǐn,在zài任rèn三sān年nián半bàn,即jí宜yí告gào归guī。五wǔ十shí三sān岁suì八bā月yuè十shí四sì日rì丑chǒu时shí,当dāng终zhōng于yú正zhèng寝qǐn,惜xī无wú子zǐ。余yú备bèi录lù而ér谨jǐn记jì之zhī。自zì此cǐ以yǐ后hòu,凡fán遇yù考kǎo校jiào,其qí名míng数shù先xiān后hòu,皆jiē不bù出chū孔kǒng公gōng所suǒ悬xuán定dìng者zhě。独dú算suàn余yú食shí廪lǐn米mǐ九jiǔ十shí一yī石dàn五wǔ斗dòu当dāng出chū贡gòng。及jí食shí米mǐ七qī十shí余yú石dàn,屠tú宗zōng3师shī即jí批pī准zhǔn补bǔ贡gòng,余yú窃qiè疑yí之zhī。后hòu果guǒ为wéi署shǔ印yìn杨yáng公gōng所suǒ驳bó,直zhí至zhì丁dīng卯mǎo年nián(西xī元yuán1567年nián),殷yīn秋qiū溟míng宗zōng师shī见jiàn余yú场chǎng中zhōng备bèi卷juǎn,叹tàn曰yuē:“五wǔ策cè,即jí五wǔ篇piān奏zòu议yì也yě,岂qǐ可kě使shǐ博bó洽qià淹yān贯guàn之zhī儒rú,老lǎo于yú窗chuāng下xià乎hū!”遂suì依yī县xiàn申shēn文wén准zhǔn贡gòng,连lián前qián食shí米mǐ计jì之zhī,实shí九jiǔ十shí一yī石dàn五wǔ斗dǒu也yě。余yú因yīn此cǐ益yì信xìn进jìn退tuì有yǒu命mìng,迟chí速sù有yǒu时shí,澹dàn然rán无wú求qiú矣yǐ。贡gòng入rù燕yān都dōu,留liú京jīng一yì年nián,终zhōng日rì静jìng坐zuò,不bú阅yuè文wén字zì。己jǐ巳sì(西xī元yuán1569年nián)归guī,游yóu南nán雍yōng,未wèi入rù监jiān,先xiān访fǎng云yún谷gǔ会huì禅chán师shī,于yú栖qī霞xiá山shān中zhōng,对duì坐zuò一yí室shì,凡fán三sān昼zhòu夜yè不bù瞑míng目mù。云yún谷gǔ问wèn曰yuē:“凡fán人rén所suǒ以yǐ不bù得dé作zuò圣shèng者zhě,只zhī为wéi妄wàng念niàn相xiāng缠chán耳ěr。汝rǔ坐zuò三sān日rì,不bú见jiàn起qǐ一yí妄wàng4念niàn,何hé也yě?”余yú曰yuē:“吾wú为wèi孔kǒng先xiān生shēng算suàn定dìng,荣róng辱rǔ死sǐ生shēng,皆jiē有yǒu定dìng数shù,即jí要yào妄wàng想xiǎng,亦yì无wú可kě妄wàng想xiǎng。”云yún谷gǔ笑xiào曰yuē:“我wǒ待dài汝rǔ是shì豪háo杰jié,原yuán来lái只zhī是shì凡fán夫fū。”问wèn其qí故gù?曰yuē:“人rén未wèi能néng无wú心xīn,终zhōng为wéi阴yīn阳yáng所suǒ缚fú,安ān得dé无wú数shù?但dàn惟wéi凡fán人rén有yǒu数shù;极jí善shàn之zhī人rén,数shù固gù拘jū他tā不bú定dìng;极jí恶è之zhī人rén,数shù亦yì拘jū他tā不bú定dìng。汝rǔ二èr十shí年nián来lái,被bèi他tā算suàn定dìng,不bú曾céng转zhuǎn动dòng一yī毫háo,岂qǐ非fēi是shì凡fán夫fū?”余yú问wèn曰yuē:“然rán则zé数shù可kě逃táo乎hū?”曰yuē:“命mìng由yóu我wǒ作zuò,福fú自zì己jǐ求qiú。诗shī书shū所suǒ称chēng,的dí为wéi明míng训xùn。我wǒ教jiào典diǎn中zhōng说shuō:‘求qiú富fù贵guì得dé富fù贵guì,求qiú男nán女nǚ得dé男nán女nǚ,5求qiú长cháng寿shòu得dé长cháng寿shòu。’夫fú妄wàng语yǔ乃nǎi释shì迦jiā大dà戒jiè,诸zhū佛fó菩pú萨sà,岂qǐ诳kuáng语yǔ欺qī人rén?”余yú进jìn曰yuē:“孟mèng子zǐ言yán:‘求qiú则zé得dé之zhī’,是shì求qiú在zài我wǒ者zhě也yě。道dào德dé仁rén义yì可kě以yǐ力lì求qiú,功gōng名míng富fù贵guì,如rú何hé求qiú得dé?”云yún谷gǔ曰yuē:“孟mèng子zǐ之zhī言yán不bú错cuò,汝rǔ自zì错cuò解jiě了liǎo。汝rǔ不bú见jiàn六liù祖zǔ说shuō:‘一yí切qiē福fú田tián,不bù离lí方fāng寸cùn,从cóng心xīn而ér觅mì,感gǎn无wú不bù通tōng。’求qiú在zài我wǒ,不bù独dú得dé道dào德dé仁rén义yì,亦yì得dé功gōng名míng富fù贵guì,内nèi外wài双shuāng得dé,是shì求qiú有yǒu益yì于yú得dé也yě。若ruò不bù反fǎn躬gōng内nèi省shěng,而ér徒tú向xiàng外wài驰chí求qiú,则zé求qiú之zhī有yǒu道dào,而ér得dé之zhī有yǒu命mìng矣yǐ,内nèi外wài双shuāng失shī,故gù无wú益yì。”因yīn问wèn:“孔kǒng公gōng算suàn汝rǔ终zhōng身shēn若ruò何hé?”余yú以yǐ实shí6告gào。云yún谷gǔ曰yuē:“汝rǔ自zì揣chuāi应yīng得dé科kē第dì否fǒu?应yīng生shēng子zǐ否fǒu?”余yú追zhuī省xǐng良liáng久jiǔ,曰yuē:“不bù应yìng也yě。科kē第dì中zhōng人rén,类lèi有yǒu福fú相xiàng,余yú福fú薄bó,又yòu不bù能néng积jī功gōng累lěi行xíng,以yǐ基jī厚hòu福fú;兼jiān不bù耐nài烦fán剧jù,不bù能néng容róng人rén;时shí或huò以yǐ才cái智zhì盖gài人rén,直zhí心xīn直zhí行xíng,轻qīng言yán妄wàng谈tán。凡fán此cǐ皆jiē薄bó福fú之zhī相xiàng也yě,岂qǐ宜yí科kē第dì哉zāi。”“地dì之zhī秽huì者zhě多duō生shēng物wù,水shuǐ之zhī清qīng者zhě常cháng无wú鱼yú。余yú好hào洁jié,宜yí无wú子zǐ者zhě一yī;和hé气qì能néng育yù万wàn物wù,余yú善shàn怒nù,宜yí无wú子zǐ者zhě二èr;爱ài为wéi生shēng生shēng之zhī本běn,忍rěn为wéi不bú育yù之zhī根gēn,余yú矜jīn惜xī名míng节jié,常cháng不bù能néng舍shě己jǐ救jiù人rén,宜yí无wú子zǐ者zhě三sān;多duō言yán耗hào气qì,宜yí无wú子zǐ者zhě四sì;喜xǐ饮yǐn铄shuò精jīng,宜yí无wú子zǐ者zhě五wǔ;好hǎo彻chè夜yè长cháng坐zuò,而ér7不bù知zhī葆bǎo元yuán毓yù神shén,宜yí无wú子zǐ者zhě六liù。其qí余yú过guò恶è尚shàng多duō,不bù能néng悉xī数shǔ。”云yún谷gǔ曰yuē:“岂qǐ惟wéi科kē第dì哉zāi。世shì间jiān享xiǎng千qiān金jīn之zhī产chǎn者zhě,定dìng是shì千qiān金jīn人rén物wù;享xiǎng百bǎi金jīn之zhī产chǎn者zhě,定dìng是shì百bǎi金jīn人rén物wù;应yìng饿è死sǐ者zhě,定dìng是shì饿è死sǐ人rén物wù。天tiān不bù过guò因yīn材cái而ér笃dǔ,几jǐ曾céng加jiā纤xiān毫háo意yì思sī。即jí如rú生shēng子zǐ。有yǒu百bǎi世shì之zhī德dé者zhě,定dìng有yǒu百bǎi世shì子zǐ孙sūn保bǎo之zhī;有yǒu十shí世shì之zhī德dé者zhě,定dìng有yǒu十shí世shì子zǐ孙sūn保bǎo之zhī;有yǒu三sān世shì二èr世shì之zhī德dé者zhě,定dìng有yǒu三sān世shì二èr世shì子zǐ孙sūn保bǎo之zhī。其qí斩zhǎn焉yān无wú后hòu者zhě,德dé至zhì薄bó也yě。汝rǔ今jīn既jì知zhī非fēi。将jiāng向xiàng来lái不bù发fā科kē第dì,及jí不bù生shēng子zǐ之zhī相xiāng,尽jìn情qíng改gǎi刷shuā。务wù要yào积jī德dé,务wù要yào包bāo荒huāng,务wù要yào和hé爱ài,务wù要yào惜xī精jīng神shén。从cóng前qián种zhǒng种zhǒng,8譬pì如rú昨zuó日rì死sǐ;从cóng后hòu种zhǒng种zhǒng,譬pì如rú今jīn日rì生shēng;此cǐ义yì理lǐ再zài生shēng之zhī身shēn也yě。夫fú血xiě肉ròu之zhī身shēn,尚shàng然rán有yǒu数shù;义yì理lǐ之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