高中表语从句

名词性从句----表语从句什么叫名词性从句？•在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclauseHisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatweshouldgothereisgood.对比上下两个句子的异同点名词性从句中的连接词从属连词:that/if/whether/asif(though)/because;连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever引导词•句型转换•1.Theyaregooddoctors.Hetoldus.→•2.Hehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeeting.Thefactsurprisedus.→Hetoldusthattheyweregooddoctors.Thefactthathehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedus.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。3.Doesyoursistergetupearly?Doyouknow?→4.Doanimalshavethesamesensesashumans?Ioftenwonder.→Doyouknowif/whetheryoursistergetsupearly?Ioftenwonderif/whetheranimalshavethesamesensesashumans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。5.Whendidhebuythisnewbike?Couldyoutellme?→6.Myquestionisthis:wherewillthelecturebegiven?→Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?Myquestioniswherethelecturewillbegiven.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。所有名词性从句要有且仅有一个引导词，除宾语从句的that外其他均不能省略。其结构为引导词+陈述语序PredicativeClauses表语从句表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。系动词：表示状态的连系动词有:be;appear;seem;keep;remain;continue;stay;prove表示感觉的连系动词有:look;feel;smell;sound;taste等表示转变的连系动词有:become;fall;get;go;grow;turn等连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough/because(其中that没有意义)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what(在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语）连接副词：when/where/why/how（在句中可作时间、地点、原因、方式状语）1.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.5.Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.判断下列引导词在表语从句中所担当的成分引导词的用法（一）that在表语从句中,又。Thefactisthathehasn’tyetrecoverfromillness.Thereasonwhyhehastogoisthathismotherisillinbed.既不充当成分也不能省略•whether在表语从句中表,但不充当句子的成分。if引导表语从句.如:1.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.2.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.“是否”不能引导词的用法（二）what在表语从句中充当______________表示____________________________.1.Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.2.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.3.Whathetoldyouwaswhatwehaddiscussedatthemeeting.主语、宾语或表语什么，什么样子，或所…的（人或事）引导词的用法（三）who在表语从句中充当______________表示____.1.Theproblemiswhocoulddothework.2.Mytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto.主语、宾语或表语谁引导词的用法（四）which在引导表语从句时,常充当_________表示。如：Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdon’tknowiswhich(book)itis.定语,表语其中哪一个引导词的用法（五）由asif,asthough引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用look,appear,seem等。1.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.2.Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl.引导词的用法（六）当主句的主语为reason,或者后带有why引导的定语从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用_________,而不能由___________引导;because引导表语从句时只能用于_______________________________句型中.1.ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.2.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain.that来引导becauseIt/That/Thisis/wasbecause…引导词的用法（七）Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.(第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因)Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)“Thatisbecause...”与“Thatiswhy...”之间的不同在于：“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由，“Thatiswhy...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有why,when,where,how等Thisishowhedidit.Thatiswhythebrotherswantedtomakeabet.That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.引导词的用法（八）表语从句引导词注意事项1.that引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句.3.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。4.除that,whether,asif/though,because外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句带有表语从句的句子主语常常是表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth。或表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,news,advice,feeling,suggestion,plan,trouble,question,problem,1.Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.2.Thetruthisthatshewastheverypersonwearelookingfor.表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice,desire,decision,idea,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句时，表语从句须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+动词原形。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)doourworkmorecarefully.他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。Theirplanisthatthey(should)buildanewfactoryintheirhometown.他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。1.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis_____heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why验收练习题2.---IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.---That’s____Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.A.whereB.howC.whenD.what3.---Hi,Peter.Youseemtohavegainedalotofweight.---Well,goodfood,notenoughexercise.Thatis____Igotfat.A.howB.whenC.whatD.whether验收练习题4.I’dliketostartmyownbusiness---that’s____I’ddoifIhadthemoney.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what5.WhentheInternetwascreatedin1969,onlyafewpeopleknewaboutit.That’s____itcameintoexistenceasasecretUSgovernmentproject.A.whenB.whyC.howD.because验收练习题6.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas____wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why7.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that验收练习题8.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether9.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whic