高一英语被动语态总结

1被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。在被动结构的句子中，动作的执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示。Everyonerespectshim.Heisrespectedbyeveryone.被动语态的构成：助动词be+vt.pp（时态通过be表现出来）1．常用时态（9种）的被动语态结构：以do为例1)一般现在时am\is\are+done（93）Insomepartsoftheworld,tea_____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served(04上海)Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople______toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded（08湖南）—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______thisjob?—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary….A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered2)一般过去时was\were+done（89）I_____tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven(05北京)—Whydidyouleavethatposition?—I_________abetterpositionatIBM.A.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered（05上海）Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool____abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent（07全国）Theflowersweresolovelythatthey__________innotime.A.soldB.hadbeensoldC.weresoldD.wouldsell（08重庆）He_____asanationalheroforwinningthefirstgoldmetalforhiscountryintheOlympics.A.regardedB.wasregardedC.hasregardedD.hadbeenregarded3)现在进行时am\is\are+beingdone(2001春)Anewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt2（06重庆）Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar___________atthegarage.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired（08浙江卷）–What’sthatnoise?–Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine______.A.wastestedB.willbetestedC.isbeingtestedD.hasbeentested（09江苏）---Hi,Terry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?---Sorry..A.It'srepairedB.IthasbeenrepairedC.It'sbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired(09湖南）Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport______andIwanttolisten.A.isbroadcastB.isbeingbroadcastC.hasbeenbroadcastD.hadbeenbroadcast4)过去进行时was\were+beingdoneThatroadwasbeingwidenedthistimelastyear.5)一般将来时willbe+done（2001春）Hundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.lostD.willlose（06北京）―Yourjobopenforyourreturn.―Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept（08北京卷）Nodecisionaboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade6)过去将来时wouldbe+doneMarytoldusthatashortplaywouldbeputonattheparty.（06湖南）Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty______,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld7)现在完成时have/hasbeen+done（2000北春）Allthepreparationsforthetask_____,andwearereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted(03北春)–Howlong_____atthisjob?--Since1990.3A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedB.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed(04)Morepatients______inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated（07北京）Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit____.A.hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruined（08安徽）IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey________manytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaughtD.havebeentaught（09全国卷I）Hissisterlefthomein1998,and______since.A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof8)过去完成时hadbeen+done(2001上春)Thenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedBhadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned（2003上春）Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_____inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted（07江苏）Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement______.A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreachedD.hadreached9)将来完成时（(04北京)ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics______by2006.AhasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted注意：被动语态没有完成进行时，也没有将来进行时态。如遇这类时态的主动变被动，改用现在完成时或一般将来时。Wehavebeendiscussingtheproblemfortwodays.Thisproblemhasbeendiscussedfortwodays.2．被动语态的否定式和疑问式否定式：在be后加notThisproblemhasn’tbeendiscussed.疑问式：将be移至主语之前Areyouoftenaskedtodothiswork?3．被动语态的用法：1)不知道动作的执行者（这时不带by短语）Hisbikewasstolenyesterday.42)由于某种原因没必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者Iwastoldyouwerelatethismorning.Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.3)需要突出或强调动作的承受者时（动作的承受者是谈话的中心，这时常带有by引起的短语）Foodisneededbyeverylivingthing.Thisschoolisrunbythetradeunion.4)有时被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排Theyaregoingtobuildalibrarybuildingherenextyear.Itisgoingtobebuiltrightbesidetheofficebuilding.(若两句都用they作主语，则显得呆板)4.主动形式、被动意义的动词1)英语中有些动词，用作vt.时，是主动形式，主动意义；但用作vi.时，是主动形式，被动意义，表示事物本身的性质。这些动词有：sell,open,close,wash,last,cut,measure,lock,read,write,etc.Oilburnseasily.Thedoorwon’tshut.Thispoemdoesn’ttranslatewell.Thestonecutseasily.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.(94)–Doyoulikethematerial?--Yes,it____verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt(99上海)Booksofthiskind____well.A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold2)不及物动词及短语的被动含义某些只能作不及物动词的词（包括一些短语动词），如happen,fall,breakout,takeplace,addupto等，其主动形式含有被动含义TheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeoutin1937.Theirdebtsaddedupto36,000francs.3)表示状态特征的联系动词，如look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear,etc的主动形式表示被动含义Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.4）动词need,want,require作“需要”解释时，后接动名词的主动形式表被动含义。Theclassroomwantscleaning.5）beworthdoing结构中的doing为主动形式被动含义。Thefilmiswellworthseeing.6）用在某些