制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句-as引导的定语从句常见

＊定义＊关系代词、关系副词的用法＊限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句＊as引导的定语从句＊常见考点＊解题步骤＊巩固练习在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句;相当于名词和形容词的作用。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系代词或关系副词eg:Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.关系代词和关系副词的作用1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg1Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用who√主语（宾语）whom√宾语which√主语宾语that√√主语宾语whose√√定语在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1)当先行词是不定代词all,alot,few,much,none,anything,nothing等或被不定代词all,any,no,much,little,few,every所修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.(2)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时Isthatthebestthatyoucando?(4)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.(5)当先行词既指人又指物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.(6)当主句是以which/who开头的特殊疑问句时Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?Whoisthegirlthatistalkingthere?(7)在therebe句型结构中ThereisstillapointthatIcan’tunderstand.(8)定语从句中缺少表语时Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：(1)当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等词时Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：You’retheonethatknowswheretogo.(2)当先行词是he,they,those,people,person等词时Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用hethat…Hethatpromisestoomuchmeansnothing.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。Doyouknowthewriterinbluewiththickglasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?(4)在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：Sheistheonlygirl(that)Iknowwhocanplaytheguitar.关系副词when,where,why的用法关系副词一般都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语。when=in/at/on/during…+whichwhere=in/at/on/…+whichwhy=for+which1Doyoustillremembertheday_____wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2Thisisthefactory________________myfatheronceworked.3Thisisthereason_______________hewaslate.whenwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhich(1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?(2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.(3)两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。Hisbrother,whoiseighteenyearsold,isaPLAman.（只有一个）HisbrotherwhoisaPLAmaniseighteenyearsold.（不止一个）引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who,whom,whose,which,as,when和where不可以用that和why另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholaterdidittohisbrother.=ItoldthestorytoJohn,andhelatertoldittohisbrother.关系代词as可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such+名词+as…so+形容词+名词+as…thesame+名词+as…像…一样的，像…之类的和…同样的1Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?4Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.5Thisissodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscanworkout.Thisissuchadifficultproblemasnobodyinmyclasscanworkout.Thisissuchadifficultproblemthatnobodyinmyclasscanworkitout.Thisissodifficultaproblemthatnobodyinmyclasscanworkitout.比较：定语从句状语从句状语从句比较：YourdictionaryisthesameoneasIboughttheotherday.ThedictionaryisthesameonethatIlentyou.不是同一本同一本书考点1关系代词和关系副词的选用在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语从句的成分，若从句缺主语、宾语、表语，必须用关系代词若从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语，必须用关系副词aThisistheplace______________heworks.Thisistheplace__________wevisitedlastyear.bThatwasthetime_____hearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedays_________wespenttogether?cThisisthereason_____________hewent.Thereason__________hegaveuswasquitereasonable.dHisfatherworksinafactory_____radiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactory_________makesradioparts.where/inwhich(which/that)when(which/that)why/forwhich(which/that)wherewhich/that考点2介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which/whom/whoseInthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.RecentlyIboughtanvase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.MrSmith,inwhosedepartmentsheworked,cametoseeher.【2】“复合介词短语+关系代词”这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号分开，从句常用倒装语序Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhich___________________(耸立一棵大树).【3】介词+which/whom+不定式结构Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.=Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.abigtalltreestood1.Doyouknowtheboy________yourmotheristalking?2.Istillremembertheday_______IfirstgottoParis.3.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.towhomwithwhichonwhichThisisthechildwho/whom/thatIwilllookafter.5.译：这是我要照顾的小孩。4.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliarwith.which/that/不填7.(06浙江)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst______Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which6.Irecognizedthebossincompanymysisterwasworking.whose做题技巧?3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Aswhichas\that\which1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodyc