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介词+关系代词引导的定语从句(一)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式,这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which,whom,whose,它们既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词,要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。一.介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbecontrolledonpurpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。(toadegree)Thegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。(tellsb.aboutsb./sth.)TheEnglishplayinwhichmystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。(intheplay)Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobsforwhichtheyarebeingtrained.学校本身承认,并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。(betrainedforthejob)2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Whoisthemanwithwhomourteacherisshakinghands?我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁?(shakehandswithsb.)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,fromwhoseeffectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.上个月,东南亚的部分地区发生洪水,人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。(sufferfromsth.)3.介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配Oursisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichwearegreatlyproud.我们的国家是一个美丽的国家,我们为之感到很自豪。(beproudof)ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress.同斯皮尔伯格结婚的女人是一位演员。(bemarriedto)TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.西湖很美,杭州以西湖而闻名。(befamousfor)Thewomantowhomhewasengagedwasadoctor.他与之订婚的那个女士是位医生。(beengagedto)4.有时关系代词前用什么介词,要根据句子的意思来决定,此时不但要注意其前的搭配,也要注意其后的搭配Iwasawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadranbackinthedirectionfromwhichshehadcome.看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来,我还没来得及认清她是谁,她已经从她来的方向跑回去了。(如果仅注意先行词,很容易受习惯心里的影响而使用inthisdirection的搭配,但考虑到语境后的come,则应该使用from。)Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,afterwhichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.他在当地一所高中上学,之后他上了北京大学。(afterwhich的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后”)。IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm.bywhichtimemanyhavegothome.在办公室我好像总是没时间,只有等到下午五点半,而那个时候大家都已经回家了。(此句不能受at5:30pm的通常表达的影响而选用介词at,而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。)5.表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时,用介词ofThejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,ofwhichthesailingtimewas226days.这次环球旅行老水手用了9个月,其中航行的时间是226天。Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%ofwhicharesoldabroad.这个工厂每年生产50万双鞋,其中的(指50万双鞋)80%销往海外。Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsstudyingChineseintheschool,mostofwhomwerefromGermany.我被告知这个学校有大约50个外国学生在学习中文,其中大多数来自德国。Ihavemanyfriends,ofwhomsomearebusinessmen.我有很多朋友,其中有些是生意人。二.介词不能提前的情况当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以提前放在which(指事物不能用that)或者whom(指人不能用who)之前,也可放于原来的位置,但在含有介词的动词固定短语中,由于动词和介词的关系比较紧密,一般不能将介词与动词拆开而将介词提到关系代词之前。这类短语动词有listento/lookat/dependon/takecareof/lookinto/breakinto/getridof/lookforwardto等。Thisistheroomwhich/thatLuXunusedtolivein.(=ThisistheroominwhichLuXunusedtolive.)这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。Theman介词加关系代词引导的定语从句(二)例句:1)Haveyoueverdreamedofplayinginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert,atwhicheveryoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?2)Theymaystartasagroupofhigh-schoolstudents,forwhompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone’shouseisthefirststeptofame.3)Latertheymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs,forwhichtheyarepaidincash.4)Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusic,mostofwhichwasbasedlooselyontheBeatles.5)However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,theMonkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheirownsongslikearealband.6)Theyproducedanewrecordin1996,withwhichtheycelebratedtheirformertimeasarealband.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型,介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,把介词置于关系代词前,即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如:Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),即:介词+which/whom。(1)Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.(2)Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.(3)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意:当介词放在关系代词的前面时,用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.关系副词when,where,why可用“介词+which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词+先行词。其中when=表时间的介词(如:in,at,on,during等)+which;Where=表地点的介词(如:in,at,on,under等)+which;Why=表原因的介词(如:for)+which(1)当先行词表示时间,定语从句中缺少时间状语时,通常用关系副词when引导,此时也可选用表示时间的介词+which来代替关系副词when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when)(2)当先行词表示地点,定语从句中缺少地点状语时,通常用关系副词where引导,此时也可选用表示地点的介词+which来代替关系副词where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where)(3)当先行词为reason,定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时,通常用关系副词why引导,此时也可以用forwhich来代替关系副词why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why注意:1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,payattentionto,lookforwardto等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.2.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词,表示先行词的一部分或全部。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.二.介词的选择根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Eg:Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2.根据从句中动词与形容词的搭配。ThestudenttowhomIwanttobegratefulisTom.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯,请体会:Eg:1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.Cwasfounded.4.根据从句的意义来确定介词。Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tplaycomputergames,brokedownyesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了,没有它我不能玩电脑游戏。5.whose可转换为“of+关系代词”型。Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thed
本文标题:介词加关系代词引导定语从句
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