高三英语非谓语动词经典课件.ppt

学好非谓语动词对于理解阅读材料中结构比较复杂的长句，对于写作得高分非常有用。不定式动名词分词非谓语动词分类•动词不定式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式时态\语态主动语态被动语态一般式towritetobewritten进行式tobewriting完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成进行式tohavebeenwriting1.作主语侧重于动作的具体性和将来性Toplaybasketballisagreatpleasure.但为使句子平衡,常用it代它作主语,把它移到句子后部去.Itisagreatpleasuretoplaybasketball.(二)、不定式的句法功能主语宾语表语定语状语2.作宾语•A.跟不定式作宾语的常见动词:•（１）hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage,try、dare,help,promise、refuse、learn、offer、agree、forget,bother.•B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:•tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…•tellsbwhattodo…3.作表语•A.表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情。•HeistomarryRose.•B.表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性。•Herwishwastobecomeanartist.•C.表示情态意义(应该,必须)。•Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.•Sheistoblame.4.不定式作定语•A.一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后。•CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone独自飞越大西洋.(主谓关系)•Shehasagoodchancetogotocollege.(同位关系)•Hehasgotlotsofquestionstoask.(动宾关系)•注意:1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系,而这个不定式又是不及物动词,它后面应有必要的介词。•Thereisnothingtoworryabout.•2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时,它后面要带上必要的介词。•Ineedapentowritewith.•Heislookingforaroomtolivein.5.不定式作宾语补足语•跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词•A.let,have,make,get等表使役的动词•Theymadeusgowiththem.•注意:•Let/have/makesb.do;getsb.todo•Theygotustogowiththem.•B.ask,tell,request,order等表要求,命令的动词•Thechairmanrequestedthememberstobesilent.•C.allow,permit,forbid等表许可或禁止的动词Theguardforbademetoenter.D.wish,want,expect,intend等表希望的动词(hope无此用法)Manyparentsexpecttheirchildrentostudyabroad.•E.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel等表感官的动词•Inoticedtearscomeintohiseyes.•Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.•注:感官动词后的不定式均不带to•F.其他动词•advise,help,persuade,encourage,warn,cause,force,remind…•Pleaseremindmetotaketheraincoat.6.不定式作状语1)不定式作目的状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.强调作目的状语的不定式,常用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to为了(不)短语.前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中。•2).不定式作结果状语•作结果状语的不定式常用于一些固定搭配中。如:too…to,enoughto，sufficientto足够的，onlyto结果是，neverto不要到，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词+astodo引导。•Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?劳驾您这边走,好吗?•Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.Practice高考点击2(09全国Ⅰ)Thechildrenallturned_______thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookatB3(09山东，22)Weareinvitedtoaparty______inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holdingA4(09辽宁，27)______,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner5.(09安徽，28)Theplay______nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproducedBC时态\语态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone•(一).动名词的语法形式•动名词无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.二、动名词(二)、动名词的句法功能•具有名词的特征,可充当成分:•主语宾语表语定语1.动名词作主语•Seeingisbelieving.•Playingchessisfun.•It'snousewaitinghere.•动名词作主语,也可用it作形式主语.但只限于下面句型:•1）动名词在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime浪费时间/agoodpleasure等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。例如：•Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.写信给他不妥,他从来不回信•Itisnousetalkingtoomuch.•2）动名词在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile值得的等形容词+doing”结构中作主语。例如：•Itisniceplayingchessaftersupper.•3）动名词在“Thereis(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。例如：•Thereisnodenying[dɪ'naɪ]thatsheisveryefficient.她效率高是不容否认的2.动名词作表语•动名词作表语起名词作用,表示主语的内容,这时动名词和主语的位置是可以交换的。•Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.=Lookingafterthepatientsisthenurse'sjob.•FourskillsofEnglishlearningarelistening,speaking,readingandwriting.•=listening,speaking,readingandwritingarefourskillsofEnglishlearning.•注:动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语,没有太大区别。在表示经常习惯性动作多用动名词;在表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式。3.动名词作定语•动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系.。表示名词用途。•aracingcar=acarthatisusedtorace•aswimmingpool=apoolthatisusedtoswimin•单个的动名词作定语,放在被修饰的词前;动名词短语作定语,放在被修饰的词语后;•Doyouknowthesleepingcar卧铺车onshow?•Theboysittingunderthetreeisreading.4.动名词作宾语1）动名词作动词宾语①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。•Ican’timaginemarryingagirlofthatsort.•Willyouadmithavingbrokenthewindow?•②有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：leaveoff停止,putoff推迟,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,stickto,beworth,can’tstand不能忍受,can’thelp禁不住.•2）动名词作介词宾语•注意:介词后如果需要非谓语动词作宾语,只能是动名词,不可用不定式。•Areyougoodatplayingfootball?•其他介词不易错,重点是介词to.因为不定式符号也是to,所以一定要记住有关的短语。lookforwardto,devote…to,getusedt习惯于…,payattentionto,stickto,onone’swayto…这些短语中的to都是介词。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.1.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having高考点击Practice3.Ireallycan'tunderstand______herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost返回三、分词•现在分词与过去分词.•充当成分:•宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.（一）现在分词(1).现在分词•现在分词无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.其时态和语态的变化形式与动名词相同.时态\语态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone(2)、现在分词的句法功能具有形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分:表语定