2019年高考英语语法必考考点(13)名词性从句

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（13）：名词性从句含解析李仕才【考点解读】一、名词性从句的种类名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。二、引导名词性从句的连接词1．连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenwewillleave.Weareworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.2．连接副词：when,where,why,how有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.Scientistsstudyhowhumanbrainsworktomakecomputers.(2012·四川高考)3．连接词：whether,if,asif,if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；that无词义，在从句中也不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，有时可省略。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutthismatter.Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasn’tbeendiscussed.三、that,what引导的名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句时，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“……的”，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。Whatwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.(主语从句；what作主语)Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofwhatmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.(宾语从句；what作宾语)Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknowwhatittakestostartabusinesshere.(宾语从句；what作宾语)Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.(表语从句；what作表语)Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.(主语从句)Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisthatshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.(表语从句)【点睛】(1)that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，常见句型有：①it＋be＋形容词(如：obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,evident,clear,apparent等)＋that从句。Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?②it＋be＋名词(如：nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise等)＋that从句。It’sagreatpitythatit’sprobablythelasttimethiswillhappen.③it＋be＋过去分词(如：said,reported,thought,estimated,expected,decided,announced,arranged,recognized等)＋that从句。Itisknowntoallthatphysicalexercisescanimproveourphysicalandmentalhealth.类似句型还有：Itcannotbedeniedthat.../Itmustbeadmittedthat...④it＋动词(如：seem,appear,happen,occurtosb.,doesn’tmatter,makenodifference等)＋that从句。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.(2)that引导主语从句，置于句首时，that不能省略。Thatweareinvitedtoaconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.(3)that引导宾语从句，常可省略。可接that从句作宾语的动词有：see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,besure,beafraid等。可以接复合宾语的动词有：think,make,consider,find,feel,suppose等，在他们之后，可以用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语that从句后置。此时that不可省略。Doyouknow(that)hehasjoinedthearmy?Weconsideritnecessarythatheshouldimprovehispronunciation.(4)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，除第一个从句的that外，都不可省略。Hetoldme(that)thepowerwouldbecutoffandthatIshouldgetready.(5)引导表语从句：that引导表语从句，不可省略。Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6o’clocktomorrow.四、连接词whether/if(是否)的用法两者都可引导宾语从句，常可互换使用。但以下情况不能互换：1．宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。Iwonderifitdoesn’train.2．用if会引起误解，就要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,可作条件状语从句，因而产生歧义。)3．宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if。Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.4．介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用，也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句。Whetheryoucanmakeprogressinyourstudydependsonwhetheryoutryyourbest.Idon’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.Whetheryoulikethatgifthegaveyou,youshouldexpressyourgratitude.5．在句首引导主语从句时只能用whether。doubt用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句用whether或if引导；doubt用于否定句时，其后的从句用that引导。Whethertheywillagreewiththeplanisnotclear.Idoubtwhether/ifyouhavetoldmethetruth.Idon’tdoubtthatyouaretherightpersonforthejob.五、whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,however的用法它们的作用等同于who,what,which,where,when,how,但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时，不能用nomatter＋who/what...代替。1．引导主语从句。Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.2．引导宾语从句，充当直接宾语。I’llgiveyouhowevermuchmoneyyouneed.3．引导宾语从句，充当间接宾语。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpahand.4．引导介词的宾语从句。Youcanwriteaboutwhatevertopicyouprefer.5．引导宾语从句，充当宾语补足语。We’llmakehimwhateverheisfitfor.六、主要考点及突破技巧主语从句:1.主要考点:1)that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型:①It+be+形容词+that从句②It+be+名词(短语)+that从句③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句④It+特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters)+that从句2)what与that在引导主语从句时的区别:what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that引导从句,不充当成分。e.g.Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(what引导主语从句,作said的宾语)ThatEnglishisimportantisanundoubtedfact.(that引导主语从句,不作任何成分,但不可省略)3)主语从句若含有“是否”意义,其引导词只能用whether,不能用if。e.g.Whetherhewillbeabletocometomorrowremainsaquestion.2.突破技巧:1)掌握形式主语的句式及变化，根据句意选取合适连接词,除that在句子中没有意义,但不能省略外,其他连接词均在句中有意义。2)what,that,which,whether连接主语从句的区别。宾语从句:1.主要考点:1)动词find,feel,think,consider,take(认为),make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后面有宾语补足语时,且宾语是从句时,需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。2)宾语从句的语序为陈述语序;主句谓语动词用一般现在时,从句谓语动词可以用各种时态;主句谓语动词用一般过去时,从句需用过去的相应时态,但从句若表示客观真理、规律,用一般现在时。e.g.Hesaidthathehadbeentothespacestation.3)由whether或if引导的宾语从句,要保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”讲时,一般可以换用,但在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if。①引导的从句作介词宾语时。e.g.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.②从句中有or或whetherornot连用时。e.g.Iwonderwhetherornothewillcome.TellmewhetherornotIshouldinviteNick.③后接动词不定式时。e.g.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?2.突破技巧:1)把握句意,选取合适的连接词、时态、语序;2)注意whether与if的互换和区别。表语从句:1.考查内容:1)表语从句常跟在这些系动词后,如be,look,remain,seem等。e.g.ThatisjustwhatIwant.2)除常用的连接代词、副词外,asif/though,because,why等也可以引导宾语从句。e.g.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.3)引导表语从句的that不能省略;if不能用于引导表语从句。e.g.Thereasonisthathegotuplate.2.突破技巧:1)理解句意,把握语境,扣准连接词在句中的含义;2)掌握系动词后的表语从句辨析that,because,if,