定语从句专题讲解课件(共53张PPT)

定语从句TheAttributiveClauseIlikequietmusic.Ilikemusicthatisquiet.定语从句1.什么是定语从句？2.什么是先行词？3.什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？4.如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？agirlwholikesred.IknowLearntodiscover定语从句在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。两个句子两个词主句从句？1.Iknowagirl2.wholikesred.Jimreadsbookswhicharefun.主句从句完整的句子是主句不完整的句子是从句3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?两个词先行词关系代词被定语从句修饰的词whowhichthat在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhoisbeautiful.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.先行词关系代词定语从句Ilikethesingerwhoisbeautiful.Ilikethemoviethatisfunny.IstillrememberthefirsttimewhenImether.Learntothink关系代词先行词决定先行词关系代词人物人和物whowhichthatthatthatwhom宾语Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.Ihaveanapplethatisred.修饰先行词anappleIhavesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ihavesomefriendswholikesports.修饰先行词friendsIlikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.that修饰先行词movieThewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.who修饰先行词womanMatchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?1.关系代词that,which引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作主语或宾语)Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:1.Thisisthehouse.ThehouseisforsaleThisisthehousethat/whichisforsale.which/that作主语.(不能省)（作主语）which/that作宾语：（可省略）Thisisthecard.I’vejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatI’vejustreceived.Practise:1.Thisisthemistake.Ialwaysmakemistake.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake2.Istillkeeptheletters.Shewrotetheletterstome.Istillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.()（作宾语）()2.关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语)who/that作主语.(不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语)1.TheboycalledRoy.Theboybrokethewindow.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledRoy./thatPractise:who/whom/that作宾语：(可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作宾语）1.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.Thethief(who/that/whom)thepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.Practise:小结：1).that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。2).which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.3).who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。定语从句的用法:当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语Whom作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.有时只能用that,不用which,常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。1).That’sallthatIknow.2).IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3).Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2).ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。1).That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.2).Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时1).ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.关系代词只用which不用that情况1.关系代词前有介词。2.先行词本身是that.whose作定语,表示所属关系。Theboyismyclassmate.Theboy’sfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.【巧学妙记】定语从句的用法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。定人要用who或whom，定物which当先用。关系代词用that，定人定物有本领。when用来定时间，where用来定地点。关系代词作成分，唯作宾语可省略。Exercise1:用关系代词填空1.Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.2.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.3.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise2.1.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.2.Sayall________youknow.3.Isthereanything_____