人教版初一英语上下册时态语法

七年级英语(下)---语法复习七年级英语(下)---语法复习内容1.冠词的用法2.时态：一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时3.Therebe句型4.句子种类：祈使句疑问句Therebe句型结构复习建议：复习的层次：1.be动词与后面名词单复数一致的问题2.Therebe句型结构与have/has的区别3.Therebe句型结构的就近原则Therebe的一般现在时结构某地有某物/某时有某事Thereisabanknearhere.Therearemanypeoplehereonvacation.Thereisn’tapayphoneacrossfromthebank.Isthereabigsupermarketnearyourhouse?Therebe句型结构讲解：1.句子中的be和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须一致。2.Therebe的肯定式：Therebe(is/are)否定式：Thereisn’tTherearen’t疑问式：is/are提到there的前面一般疑问句的回答：Yes,thereis/are.No,thereisn’t/aren’t.特殊问句的回答：Thereis/are现在进行时讲解：表示:说话瞬间或现阶段正在进的动作。（时态可以通过动词的变化形式来表示）IamwatchingTV.Thestudentsarestudyingfortheexams.Sheisn’twritingaletternowIsNancydoingherhomework?Whatareyoudoingnow?3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一辅音字母，再加ing.如：sit—sittingrun---runningbegin---beginning4)以ie结尾的动词先变ie为y,再+ing.如：lie---lyingdie----dying1.现在进行时时态构成：助动词be(am,is,are)+doing2.肯定式：be(am,is,are)+doing3.否定式：be(am,is,are)+not+doing4.一般疑问句构成：将be与主语互换位置5.特殊疑问句What（疑问词）+be+主语+doing?6．进行时的提示词。如：now,thesedays，look,listen，It’s…o’clock等7.现在分词的四种构成形式:1)动词原形+ing.如：go---goingdo---doing2)e结尾的动词，先去e再加ing如：write---writingtake---taking冠词1.不定冠词a/an的基本用法：1）泛指某人或某物。如Thenanideaoccurredtome.2）代表一类人或物,但没有one强烈。Anelephantisheavierthanahorse.3）用于某些词组或成语中。Asamatteroffact,Idon’tlikethestory.2.不定冠词a/an的位置：a/an除了位于名词短语之首之外，还有几种特例：a)当名词短语中含有so，as，too，how这样的词时，a/an的位置为:so/as/too/how+adj+a(an)+名词eg.soniceagirlb)such(what)+a(an)+adj+名词eg.suchanicegirlc)quite(rather)+a(an)+adj+名词＝aquite(rather)+adj+名词4.定冠词the的基本用法1）特指人或物Showmethephotoofyourfamily.Cutatomato.Putthetomatoonthebread.(指前面提到过的事物）Howmucharetheredsocks?(双方都知道)2)用在单数名词前表示一类人或物Thedogisausefulanimal.3)用在序数词和形容词最高级前Inthefirstphoto,I’mplayingbasketball.What’sthebestradiostation?4)用在乐器名称前。Noneofthemcanplaythepiano.5)用在姓氏的复数形式前。theTaylors.(泰勒一家人)6）用在固定词组中inthemorningallthesame5.零冠词的惯用法：1)在季节、月份、星期、节假日、学科、三餐、球、棋类名词前。2）在称呼语、独一无二的头衔、职位的名词前。Ilikemymusicteacher,MrCooper.3）在国名、城市名、人名、语言等名词前。4）在专用名词（汉语拼音）开头的名词词组前。BeijingairportTian’anmenSquare5）表乘交通工具的短语中bybus=onabus,bytrain=onthe/atrain疑问句一般疑问句：指须用yes或no回答的问句。一般现在时：1）Am/Is/Are+主语……?2)Do+主语+do….?3)Does+主语+do….?4)Can+主语+do….现在进行时：Am/Is/Are+主语+doing…?一般过去时：1)Was/Were+主语……?2)Did+主语+do……?特殊疑问句：指以who,what,where,when,how等疑问词+一般疑问句语序的问句。一般过去时讲解：表示：过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Igotupearlyyesterday.Howwasyourweekend?Itwasgreat.Shedidn’tplaysportslastweekend.DidyougotoCentralPark?Yes,Idid.Wheredidyougoonvacation?1．常带有表过去的时间状语，如：yesterday,lastnight,in2001,justnow,twodaysago等2．一般过去时态是由be:was(were)或did来表示3.肯定式：was(were)或实义动词did否定式：was(were)+notdid+not+动词原形疑问式：was(were)到句子的主语前did到句子的主语前4.动词过去式的构成有规则和不规则两类。规则动词过去式的构成有四类：1)动词原形+ed如look---lookedplay---played2)以结尾e的动词+d如live---livedhope---hoped3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一辅音字母，再加ed如stop---stopped4)以辅音字母+结尾的动词，先变“y”为“i”，再+ed如study—studiedcry---crie不规则动词过去式的变化形式：教材页原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词fillfilledfillsfillingfindfoundfindsfindinghavehadhashavinglooklookedlookslookinglikelikedlikeslikingbewas/wereisbeingknowknewknowsknowingwearworewearswearingtelltoldtellstellingreadreadreadsreadingplayplayedplaysplaying原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词stopstoppedstopsstoppingtalktalkedtalkstalkingrememberrememberedremembersrememberingshopshoppedshopsshoppingbeginbeganbeginsbeginningtaketooktakestakingforgetforgotforgetsforgettinghelphelpedhelpshelpingwashwashedwasheswashingwatchwatchedwatcheswatching原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词writewrotewriteswritingstartstartedstartsstartingreadreadreadsreadinggetgotgetsgettingcomecamecomescomingturnturnedturnsturningcrosscrossedcrossescrossingwalkwalkedwalkswalkingbecomebecamebecomesbecomingshowshowedshowsshowing原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词eatateeatseatingdrinkdrankdrinksdrinkingwaterwateredwaterswateringgowentgoesgoingdodiddoesdoingseesawseesseeingorderorderedordersorderingopenopenedopensopeningcloseclosedclosesclosinggivegavegivesgiving原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词keepkeptkeepskeepingsleepsleptsleepssleepingspendspentspendsspendingsendsentsendssendingtaketooktakestakingstaystayedstaysstayingsaysaidsayssayingstudystudiedstudiesstudyingbuyboughtbuysbuyinglearnlearnedlearnslearningpracticepracticedpracticespracticing原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词agreeagreedagreesagreeingarrivearrivedarrivesarrivingrunranrunsrunningfightfoughtfightsfightingflyflewfliesflyingmeetmetmeetsmeetingwaitwaitedwaitswaitingwashwashedwasheswashingwaterwateredwaterswateringspeakspokespeaksspeakingteachtaughtteachesteachingsingsangsingssinging原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词thinkthoughtthinksthinkinggrowgrewgrowsgrowingdrawdrewdrawsdrawingvisitvisitedvisitsvisitingplayplayedplaysplayingtrytriedtriestriedsitsatsitssittingswimswamswimsswimmingwantwantedwantswantingfindfoundfindsfinding原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词hearheardhearshearinglistenlistenedlistenslisteningtraveltraveledtravelstravelingcrycriedcriescryingwalkwalkedwalkswalkingdecidedecideddecidesdecidingbringbroughtbringsbringingrainrainedrainsrainingsnowsnowedsnowssnowinggetgotgetsgetting原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词askaskedasksaskingansweransweredanswersansweringdiscussdiscusseddiscussesdiscussingmindmindedmindsmindingjoinjoinedjoinsjoiningtelltoldtellstellinglielaylieslyingdiedieddiesdyingenjoyenjoyedenjoysenjoyingshowshowedshowsshowing原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词passpasse