专升本英语-定语从句

定语从句RelativeClause定语定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。hisdesk物主代词Tom’sfather名词所有格abeautifulcity形容词threeteachers数词womenteachers名词intheroomabove副词adevelopingcountry现在分词adevelopedcountry过去分词Thereisnothingtodotoday.不定式anarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish介词短语Acitywhichisbeautiful.从句定语从句修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.修饰girlThisistheclassroomwherewestudy.修饰classroom相关术语Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.定语从句先行词关系词关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,that,aswhere,when,why关系代词Lookatthekiteswhichareflyinginthesky.ThepenwhichI’musingisprettygood.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.which：指物或整句话，作主语、宾语或表语who：指人，作主语或宾语；whom：指人，做宾语关系代词Who’stheboythatisreadingabook?Canyoushowmethephotothatyoulikebest?Theboyismyclassmate.Theboy’sfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.that：指人或物，作主语、宾语或表语whose：指人或物，作定语，相当于先行词的所有格关系代词Heislate,asisoftenthecase.as：指人或物或整句话，作主语、宾语或表语Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.Ihaveanapplethat/whichisred.修饰先行词anappleIhavesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ihavesomefriendswho/thatlikesports.修饰先行词friends做题技巧1.确定定语从句2.看先行词是指人还是指物3.确定先行词在定语从句中做的成分4.确定关系代词Theboys______areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Footballisagame___________islikedbymostboys.whowhich/that1.Those_______wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.2.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman______hadlosthisway.3.Mr.Liuistheperson______youtalkedaboutonthebus.4.LiMingisjusttheboy______Iwanttosee.whowhomwhomwho5.Thefactory_____makescomputersisfarawayfromhere.6.Helikestoreadbooks______arewrittenbyShakespeare.7.Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.which/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatthat/which用法区别只能用that,不能用which情况：1.当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。在从句中充当宾语时that可以省略。That’sall(that)Icoulddoatthattime.Hedideverything(that)hecouldtohelpus.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?that/which用法区别只能用that,不能用which情况：2.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及theonly,thevery,theright,thelast等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that。ThisisthemosttouchingstorythatIhaveeverread.ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.Hewastheonlypersonthat(为什么不用who?)waspresentatthetime.that/which用法区别只能用that,不能用which情况：3.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatisinthereddress?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?that/which用法区别只能用that,不能用which情况：4.当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时，定语从句要用that引导，不能用which.Theyaretalkingabouttheworkersandthefactorythattheyhavevisited.that/which用法区别只能用which,不能用that情况：1.当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在关系代词前时，关系代词应用which,which不可省略；介词在从句句末时用which或that都可以，which/that常可省略。Shehasn’tgotenoughmoneywithwhichshecouldbuythecar.Ihaveproblemsofmyown(that/which)youknownothingof.先行词1.Iknowagirlwho____(like)red.2.Jimreadsbookswhich___(be)fun.3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatthey____(be)talkingabout?决定关系代词从句中的谓语动词形式likesareare定语从句中的主谓一致Themp4that____beengiventomeishome-made.(have)I,who____yourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.(be)关系代词做从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。hasamHeisoneofthestudentswho______madegreatprogress.Mr.Wangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswho____beeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.(have)havehas1.Lastweek,wewatchedBeijingOpera,stylewasunfamiliartomostofus.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.whose2.Youcanonlybesureofallyouhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomethingyoumightgetinthefuture.A.that;whatB.that;/C.which;thatD.what;thatDB3.Hetalkedaboutthingsandpeopletheyrememberedinschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whose4.Sheisoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshiporthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenBD5.Ihaveboughtthesamewatchyouhave.A.whichB.thatC.asD.whose6.ShewillneverforgetthedayshespentinBeijing.A.whenB.whatC.whichD.whyCC7.Isthistheveryfactorywevisitedlastyear.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whyB“介词+which(whom)”引导的定语从句用适当的介词填空：1.Ispent5yuan______thebook.2.Ilearnt_______thebookalot.3.Tomoftentalks______thebook.onfrom_____whichIspent5yuan.______whichIlearntalot.______whichTomoftentalks.aboutThisisthebookonfromabout介词+which/whom引导的定语从句用于正式场合。在这一结构中，关系代词which/whom做介词的宾语。当先行词是人时，用”介词+whom”引导定语从句。ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews.当先行词是物时，用“介词+which”引导定语从句，而且只能加which,不能加that.I’llneverforgetthedaysonwhichwelivedtogether.当介词和从句中的位于构成固定的短语动词（如lookafter,lookfor,lookforwardto,takecareof等）时，一般不能将其拆开提前。Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.介词主要根据这几个方面来选择：1.根据句意确定介词；2.定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配。Thehouse_____whichIlivedwasfarawayfrommywork.Theman__________youtalkedjustnowismyneighbor.Iknowthereason________hewaslate.into/withwhomforwhich1.Thewomanmybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom2.I’llneverforgetthedayIwontheaward.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.TheSecondWorldWarmillionsofpeoplewerekilled.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhichBAA关系副词引导的定语从句1.定语从句中关系副词有：when,where,why2.关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。when作时间状语；where作地点状语；可互换为“介词+which”结构why作原因状语。Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when：作时间状语，意为ontheday=onwhichwhere：作地点状语，意为intheplace=inwhichwhere：作原因状语，意为forthereason=fo