现在完成时和过去式比较

现在完成时与一般过去时的比较thepresentperfecttense&thesimplepasttense一、现在完成时1.结构：主语+（助动词）have/has+过去分词表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用，如just,already,yet,ever,recently,sofar等。例如：We’vedonealotofworkonit,butwehaven’tfinishedyet.3.表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去，常与for和since等引起的表示一段时间的状语连用。I’velost7kginthelasttwomonths.4.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历，常带有twice,ever,never,threetimes,before等时间状语。例如：I’veneverseenherasangryasthat,soIkeptquiet.Tipsa.come,arrive,buy,hear等终止性动词的现在完成时一般不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.(false)Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.(right)Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.(right)b.hear等词的否定式可以与for等引起的表示一段时间状语连用。例如：Ihaven’theardfromyouforweeks.translation1.我已经写完作业了。（finish）Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkalready.2.他已经在这里工作五年了。（work）Hehasworkedhereforfiveyears.二.一般过去时1.结构：主语+动词过去式2.表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常和amomentago,halfanhourago,justnow,yesterday,lastweek,in2005,inthosedays,atthattime等表示过去的时间状语连用。例：Wesoonbecamegoodfriends.Twoyearsago,sheboughtanexpensivebike.3.表示过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。例如：Atfouro’clock,Pollyleftworkandsteppedoutintothefog4.表示过去时间内经常或习惯性的动作或状态。例如:Afterlunch,weusuallyplayedontheschoolfield.Nothingisimpossible.（写出下列动词的过去式）1.workrainwatchwash2.tripdropstopplanshop3.crycopytrystudy4.stayenjoyplaydestroy5.livesmilemovelike6.comewriteflybuy一般过去时camewroteflewbought1.动词+ed2.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写这个字母,再+ed.3.辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i，再+ed.4.元音字母+y结尾的，直接+ed.5.以e字母结尾的动词加d。不规则变化需强记1.我昨天去看电影了。Iwenttoamovieyesterday.2.我去年住在纽约。IlivedinNewYorklastyear.3.我刚才没有吃苹果。Ididn’teatanapplejustnow.4.我上个月买了一部新手机。Iboughtanewmobilephonelastmonth.5.我前天参观了博物院。Ivisitedthemuseumthedaybeforeyesterday.翻译概念:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动词或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。e.g.Hecamehereyesterday.现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的影响和结果e.g.Hehasbrokenhisbottle.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：1）构成不同TomwenttoLondonlastyear.LilyhasbeentoLondontwice.一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，现在完成时的谓语用“助动词have/has+过去分词”一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系.e.g.①Wehaven‘tseenhimsincelastyear.我们自从去年以来一直未见到他。（现在还未见到）②Wedidn‘tseehimlastyear.我们去年没见到他。（现在不一定未见到）③Whohasopenedthedoor?谁把门开了？（现在门还开着）④Whoopenedthedoor?谁开的门？(指过去，与现在无关。现在门是关着还是开着，没有说明。)⑤—Haveyouhadyourlunch?你吃过午饭没有？（意即你现在不饿吗？）—Yes,Ihave.吃了。（意即我现在饱了，不要再吃了。）—Whendidyouhaveit?你什么时候吃的？（说话人感兴趣的是“吃”这一动作发生在时。）2）用法不同Ihadsupperanhourago．我一小时前吃的晚饭。（表示过去的动作）Ihavejusthadsupper．我刚刚吃过晚饭。（强调对现在的影响———我不饿）Hewasateacherthen．他那时是个教师。（表示过去的状态）Hehasbeenateachersincethen．他从那时起一直当教师。（她现在还是教师）一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,once,lastweek,...ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till,uptonow,always等不确定的时间状语。一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：3）所用时间状语不同ThechildrenwenttothezoolastSunday．上星期天，孩子们去了动物园。Ihaven‘treadthebookbefore．我以前没看过这本书。Theylivedherein1980．他们一九八○年住在这里。一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。LastSundayCorrectthepassage:LastSunday,Tedandhisfatherareathome.Theymovdtoanewhouse.Hisfatherwanttedtoputthebooksinsomeboxes,buthecan’tfindanyboxes.Tedtelledhimtheboxeswasinthenextroom.Thenheboughttheseboxestohisfather.movedwantedcouldn’ttoldwerebroughtwereExercisesforthepresentperfecttense:7.IsTomdoinghishomework?No,he___________hishomeworkalready.(finish)8.DoyouknowMissKing?No,butI______________herbefore.(hearof)9.Whataboutthefilm?Sorry,Idon’tknow.I___________ityet.(see)10.________youever_________totheGreatWall?No,never.(go)11.Howdoeshegetonwithhisclassmate?Oh,he___________alotthesedays.(change)12.Helpyourself,please.No,thanks.I’mfull.I_____just_____threeeggs.(eat)alreadyhasfinishedbeforehaveheardofyethaven’tseeneverneverHavebeenthesedayshaschangedjusthaveeaten练习1.--IhaveseenthefilmTitanicalready.--When____you____it?A.have,seenB.willseeC.did,seeD.did,seen2.Mr.Black____inChinasincefiveyearsago.A.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isgoingtolive3.---______UncleWang______(mend)theTVyet?---Yes,he______.---When_____he_____it?---Yesterday.4.---I________(see)thefilmChickenRun.---Whereandwhen________you_______(see)it?---Lastweek.5.---____you_____(see)thefilmlastnight?---No,I_____(see)itforseveraltimes.6.---_______you_______(return)thebooktothelibrary?---Notyet.ButI_________(return)itthisafternoon..7.IsTomdoinghishomework?No,he___________hishomeworkalready.(finish)8.DoyouknowMissKing?No,butI______________herbefore.(hearof)9.Whataboutthefilm?Sorry,Idon’tknow.I___________ityet.(see)10.________youever_________totheGreatWall?No,never.(go)11.Howdoeshegetonwithhisclassmate?Oh,he___________alotthesedays.(change)12.Helpyourself,please.No,thanks.I’mfull.I_____just_____threeeggs.(eat)练习Furtherexercises:1.Iambusytheseday.I_____(notgo)tothecinemaforweeks.2.Theboyishappybecausehe_____(sell)outallthenewspapers.3.They______(live)inShanghaisince1991.4.Greatchanges______(takeplace)inourcountrysince1949.5.MissJane_______(teach)uslastyear.She____(teach)inourschoolfor4years.6.She______already______(do)herhomework.She_______(do)ityesterdayevening.7.----_________youever______toLondon?----Yes,Ihave.----When_____you____(go)there?----Lastyear.8.Who_______(take)mydictionaryaway?Ican’tfinditeverywhere.9.It_______tenyearssinceI______(leave)china.10.Alotoftrees________(cut)