反思性教学-外语教师自身发展的有效途径-甘正东

:90,(language)(pedago2gy),,(teacherthinking)(Doyle,1990;Kwo,1998;,1997;,1998)(schemadifferences)(Kwo,1996);,,(Doyle,1990),,,:,,,(anintuitiveresponse);,(tentativenotions),,Dewey(Dewey,1933):,,(,1996)Morgan(1986)(reflectivethinking)(Tarvin&Al-Arishi,1991),,,,(apowerfulexperimenterandproblemsolver)Schon(1983)Thereflectivepractitioner:howprofessionalsthinkinaction,,,:(experientiallearning)(situatedcognition)Dewey,LewinPiaget,,;Brown,CollinsDuguid,(Cit.,OstermanandKottkamp,1993),(reflectiveteaching),(reflectivepractice),2120004(80),,,,Trainingforeignlanguageteachers:areflectiveapproach,Wallace(1991):Figure1ReflectivepracticemodelofprofessionaleducationPdevelopment(Wallace,1991),(receivedknowledge)(experientialknowledge),,,,,Poser(1989):+=,,,,,Schon(1983),Wallace(1991),Kember&Mckay(1996),Kwo(1996),Bailey(1997),Schleppegrell(1997),:1),,,,,,,(personaltheory)2),,3),,4),5),,1.(Osterman,1993):311),,2),,,,3),,,,4),,,,,2.:1),,,,,,,,,,Jarvis(1992):(listing)(generalsummary);:(a)(solvingproblems),e.g.Ihavealwaysthoughtofteachingwritingforbeginnersasalmostimpossible,butthetechniquewhichwelearnedthisweekhasmademefeelthatitpsnotastoughasthat.(b)(seeingnewteachingideas),e.g.Frankly,thepurposeofcomprehensionistohaveskilledreaders.Inthecomprehensionles2sonsweneedtobetterorimprovetheabilityofourlearnerstousecluesinthetextbytryingthefollowing...(c)(legitimizeownpractice),e.g.Ipvebeenusingthismethodforquitealongtimewithoutknowingthatitwassouseful(itwasnptexactlythesameasthis).IhavenowdiscoveredwhichpartsIhavebeenomittinginthewholeprocedure.WhenIgobackitwillbeassuccessfulasever,Ibelieve.2),RichardsLockhart(1991):,,,,,,3)(Laycock&Bunnag,1991),,41,,,,,(procedure)(viewingtasks)(Cullen,1991)4),,,,,,,,,,,,;,,::,;,,,Utley(1986),,,,,,,,,TESOLPTEFL(Self2reflective)Wallace(1991)Trainingforeignlanguageteachers:areflectiveapproach:(theCraftModel)(theAppliedScienceModel)(theReflectiveModel)Wallace,,,,,,:,,,,;,,,,,51:,21,,,,Bailey,K.1997.LanguageRights,ReflectiveTeaching,andELTUExperience.CUHKNewsletter,No.107.Cullen,R.1991.VideoinTeacherTraining:theUseofLocalMaterials.ELTJournal,45P1,pp.33-41.Dewey,J.1933.HowtoThink:ARestatementoftheRelationofReflectiveThinkingtotheEducativeProcess.Boston:D.C.Heath.Doyle,W.1990.ThemesinTeacherEducationResearch.InW.R.Houston(ed.),HandbookofResearchonTeacherEductation.NewYork:Macmillan.Gray,J.1998.TheLanguageLearnerasTeacher:theUseofInteractiveDiariesinTeacherTraining.ELTJournal,52P1,pp.29-36.Jarvis,J.1992.UsingDiariesforTeacherReflectiononIn2serviceCourses.ELTJournal,46P2,pp.133-143.Kember,D.&Mckay,J.1996.ActionResearchintotheQualityofStudentLearning:AParadigmforFacultyDevelop2ment.JournalofHigherEducation,Vol.67,No.5,pp.528-553.Kwo,O.W.Y.1996.ReflectiveClassroomPractice:CaseStudiesofStudentTeachersatWork.TeachersandTeaching:TheoryandPractice,2(2),pp.273-298.Kwo,O.W.Y.1996.LearningtoTeachinHongKongClassroom:PatternsofReflections.InDonaldFreeman&JackRi2chards(eds.),TeacherLearninginLanguageTeaching.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,pp.295-319.Kwo,O.W.Y.1998.EnhancingReflectiveTeaching:GoalsandEffectsofaTeacherEducationInnovationinHongKong.TeachingEducation,9(2).Laycock,J.&Bunnag,P.1991.DevelopingTeacherSelf2awareness:FeedbackandtheUseofVideo.ELTJournal,45P2,pp.43-53.Osterman,K.F.andKottkamp,R.B.1993.ReflectivePracticeforEducators.California:CorwinPress,Inc.Poser,G.J.1989.FieldExperience:MethodsofReflectiveTeaching.NewYork:LongmanInc.Richards,J.&Lockhart,C.1991.TeacherDevelopmentthroughPeerObservation.Perspectives,Vol.3,No.2pp.1-5.Schleppegrell,M.J.1997.TeacherResearchthroughDialogicInquiry.TheCanadianModernLanguageReview,54,1,pp.68-83.Schon,D.A.(1983).TheReflectivePractitioner:HowProfessionalsThinkinAction.NewYork:BasicBooks.Tarvin,W.L.&Al2Arishi,A.Y.1991.RethinkingCommunicativeLanguageTeaching:ReflectionandtheEFLClass2room.TESOLQuarterly,25(1),pp.9-25.Utley,J.,TrainingTeachersandTrainingTeacher2Trainers.19862Wallace,M.J.1991.TrainingForeignLanguageTeachers:aReflectiveApproach.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.,:,19981,:,19964,IATEFL,19974:61