谢孟媛中级文法(分词)

分词(69-74)分词分词是动词和形容词的混合一.修饰名词的现在分词现在分词+名词1.Adrowningmanwillcatchatastraw.此时表进行2.Isawalotoffallingstarslastnight.此时表主动名词+现在分词1.Iknowthegirltalkingtotheteacher.Iknowthegirlwhoistalkingtotheteacher.2.Thewomanwavingfromthewindowismymom.Thewomanwhoiswavingfromthewindowismymom.重点现在分词伴随着受词,补语,或副词也可作形容词使用aheartbreakingstoryahardworkingmanaman-eatingtigerahealthy-lookingmananEnglish-speakingpeople名族,可数alife-savingmachine重点形容词化的现在分词(已经是形容词了)anexcitinggameaninterestingperformanceanamusingjokeacharmingladyapromisingboy有前途的男孩重点有些现在分词放在形容词前,可当副词使用,用以加强形容词的程度freezingcoldaburningreddress火红的洋装boilinghot酷热scorchinghot酷热drippingwet湿淋淋的二.修饰名词的过去分词过去分词+名词1.Abrokenbottlelayonthefloor.2.Thetiredworkertookarest.名词+过去分词1.Shirtsmadeofsilkareratherexpensive.Shirtswhicharemadeofsilkareratherexpensive.2.Wekeepadognamed/calledSnoopy.Wekeepadogwhichwas/isnamed/calledSnoopy.重点形容词化的过去分词1.Hewas/lookedsurprisedatthenews.Thenewswassurprisingtohim.2.Iamverysatisfiedwiththeresult.3.Howpleasedshewillbetoseeyou!4.Howlearnedheis.博学重点和形容词相同,the+现在分词/过去分词,可当名词,表一类人thedying(thosewhoaredying)垂死的人thekilledandthewounded(thosewhowerekilledandwounded)死伤者注意此三者视为单数theaccused被告thedeceased死者theunexpected不可预期的事重点现在分词或过去分词当形容词代表的意思不同A.不及物动词的现在分词表进行不及物动词的现在分词表完成1.fallingleaves(leaveswhicharefalling)fallenleaves(leaveswhichhavefallen)2.boilingwater(waterwhichisboiling)boiledwater(waterwhichhaveboiled)B.及物动词的现在分词表主动令人~的及物动词的现在分词表被动感到~的1.arefreshingbreeze清爽的微风feelrefreshed感到清爽2.afrighteningscene令人恐惧的画面afrightenedchild感到恐惧的小孩3.adisappointingmatteradisappointlook感到失望的表情三.S+V+C(分词)现在分词可作go,come,keep,lie躺,sit,stand,walk等动词之后主词补语,用以表示伴随着的动作1.Thechildrencamerunningtomeettheirparents.2.Westoodlookingatthemonkeys.过去分词可放在appear,seem,look,become,feel,get变得,sit,lie,remain等后,用以表示动作所产生的结果1.Thehouseappeared/looked/seemeddeserted.2.Shesatsurroundedbyhergrandchildren.四.S+V+O+C(分词)现在分词可作感官动词lookat,see等和keep,leave(让~保持~),set设定,start,catch,find等动词后的受词补语1.Helefttheenginerunning.HelethisdaughterwatchTV.Let是语气轻的使役动词,有允许之意2.Weheardtherainbeatingagainstthewindow.用beat表纯粹陈述一件事情用beating表那时候正在3.Thesmokestartedhercoughing.Startsb.Ving使某人开始~过去分词可作为感官动词及let,like,make,want,wouldlike,wish等动词后的受词补语1.Icouldn’tmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.我无法用英文表达我的意思Icouldn’tmakemyselfunderstandEnglish.2.Iwouldlikethisworkfinishedbynoon.重点have+O+现在分词1.表允许用于否定句Ican’thavethechildrenplayinginmyroom.我允许小朋友玩,表达一种状态Ihadthechildrenplayinmyroom.我叫小朋友玩2.表[使~;让~]Shehadthechildrenlaughingagain.她让小朋友又笑了起来,表达一种状态Shehadthechildrenlaugh.她让小朋友笑have+O+过去分词1.表[使得~]使役Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.2.表[被~]有被害之意Ihadmymoneystolen.五.分词构句A.分词构句的形成原则上,主要子句与分词构句主词一致1.WhenIopenedthedoor,Iheardastrangesound.Openingthedoor,Iheardastrangesound.主次相同,省略;连接词视情况省略2.AsIwasill,Icouldn’tgotoschool.Beingill,Icouldn’tgotoschool.B.分词构句的含义a.表时间意指when,while等1.Seeingtheaccident,shebegantocry.Whenshesawtheaccident,shebegantocry.2.Keepinghimwaitingoutside,shedidhershopping.doshopping在买,goshopping逛逛而已Whileshekepthimwaitingoutside,shedidhershopping.b.表原因,理由意指because,since,as等1.Becauseheisakindman,heislovedbyeveryone.Beingakindman,heislovedbyeveryone.2.BecauseIdidn’tknowwhattosay,Iremainedsilent.Notknowingwhattosay,Iremainedsilent.c.表附带状况1.Iranalltheway,andIarrivedjustintime.Iranalltheway,arrivingjustintime.2.IwashedthedishesasIlistentomyfavoritemusic.Iwashedthedishes,listeningtomyfavoritemusic.d.表条件if1.Ifyouturnleftafterthebank,youwillseeourhouseonyouright.Ifturningleftafterthebank,youwillseeourhouseonyouright.If不可省2.Ifyouarriveearlier,youwillhavetowaitforawhile.Ifarrivingearlier,youwillhavetowaitforawhile.e.表让步though,although1.ThoughIadmit(that)you’reright,Istillcan’tagreewithyou.Admittingyou’reright,Istillcan’tagreewithyou.子音+母音+子音双写加ing2.Althoughhelivesnearmyhouse,heseldomcomestoseeme.Livingnearmyhouse,heseldomcomestoseeme.分词构句的位置句首Hearingthenews,hegotangry.句中Romeo,believingthatJulietwasdead,decidedtokillhimself.句尾Theteacherwentoutoftheclassroom,mumblingsomething.六.分词构句的被动态,完成形,否定形A.被动态(being)+p.p.being后是p.p.则可省略,若为名词,形容词,则不可1.Ashewasexhaustedbyhishardwork,hewenttobedearlierthanusual.(Being)Exhaustedbyhardwork,hewenttobedearlierthanusual.Heworkshard.Hishardwork2.AsitiswritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.(Being)WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.B.完成形having+p.p.1.SinceIhaveseenhimbefore,Iknowhimwell.Havingseenhimbefore,Iknowhimwell.2.Afterhehadgraduatedfromcollege,hebecameajournalist.Havinggraduatedfromcollege,hebecameajournalist.had+p.p.having+p.pC.完成形的被动(havingbeen)p.pSinceshehasbeenbroughtupinParis,shespeaksFrenchvery.(Havingbeen)BroughtupinParis,shespeaksFrenchvery.分词构句是附属,并不注重时态,但要明确主被动D.否定形not/never+Vingornot/never+having+p.p1.Astheteacherdidn’thearthebell,theteacherkeptonteaching.Nothearingthebell,theteacherkeptonteaching.2.Becausehehadnotdonehishomework,hefeltuneasy.Nothavingdonehishomework,hefeltuneasy.七.独立分词构句主词不同1.Whenthesunhadset,westartedforhome.启程回家Thesunhavingset,westartedforhome.2.BecauseitwasSunday,thestoreswereallclosed/allthestoreswereclosed.ItbeingSunday,thestoreswereallclosed.3.Becausetherewasnobridge,wehadtoswimacros