何谓_唐宋变革

?,(Histocontinuesndchanges),,(n,edue),,,(periodization)(therrangngtransformation),,,,,,,,(6181279),¹¹(httP://~i.sinica.e(lu.tw/twsun)_126()(),,,,,,,,(thetransformationfrommedievaltomodernChina),,,(8),(10)(11),(12),;(thetransitionalperiodbetweenmedievalandmodernChina)?(),,,,,,?,????????,,,,,,,,,,,,?127,,U??(6181279),,,,,;,,;,;,;,;,,;,,,,,;,,;,;,,,,,;,,,,;,,,128();,,,(transformation),?,()()(),,,,,,,,,,,d,,(revolutiona-ry)(),(,18661934),,,,(),,1922¹:(aneient)(medieval)(mod-em)();,¹,9.5(1922),l11;,:,,,1992,1018;1910,,20,,,,2?129,,,:,,(?100),(100307),(30756),(75659),(9601911),,,,,,,,,,,¹,,,,,(19011995,,,,,,,¹:.,,,,,,,1982,310340,1981.2130(),,,:¹((((()))()))))111.:::::::,,,(((((,);,:,,,;,,,,,,():,,2004,146149,,1954,13.3(1954),59-,1,1955p,24(1955),25341971,29.4(1971),30.1(1971),,,,,1982,270se301,,?131(),,,,,{{{{;-{:,{,;}}2.{{,{,{{{{,,,{{3.{{,{},,,,{}132()()4.:{,{,,,,,:!,:,:,,,,,,,,,5.{,,{{,{:,,(),,,:,,,,g(),,?133()6,,,,,(1300).,,,,{:,,},,134()()9.;{j_,,,1,_,,,,,:(l);(2),;(3);(4),;(5);(6),,,,:1.;2.;3.:1.,,,,,?135,,JoshuaA.Fogel:,,(LifeinChinaunderwentanenormoustransformationbetweenthelateTangandearlySung,atransformationthataff(etedeveaspeetofeulture)(TangSungdivide)¹U,,(1900),(1942),,,º1999,(95%),,,,,»,,revolution,,bl,JoshuaA,Pol:andSinol:TheeoJKonan(186z)(Cambr,dge,Mas.:HaoardUnivorsirypress,1984),p.199,alsopp.199200..,,2004,9899,115,,,,2000,258276;4(1998),:,,,,2),209232,,,53(199x),1221136()EdwardMcNallBums,ternCivilha-tions:irHistoandTheirCulture(194120()314),1718IntelleetualRev-olution()¹,(TheNorthemSungpe-riodwasatimeofrevolutionaehange)ºE.A.Kracke,Jr.SungSoeiety:ChangewithinTradition(:),(revolutionainitssocialimPact)»,,,(revolutionaryehanges)(fundamentalorradiealehanges),(transformativechanges),,960,,,;,,,¼Jame,T.Bums,EdwartMcN,,rni2:2d:andThC,,NewYo:w.w.Norton&eompany,In,2973(shedition),pp.732.Miyakawa,Hisuki,AnoutlineoftheNait6HythesisandItsEffeetsonJapaneseStudiesOfChina,TheFarEastemQuarterlr,14.4(1955),pp.533552.Kraeke,E.A.Jr.,SuSoeiety:ChangewithinTrallition,FarEoteoCuar-,14.4(1955),PP.479488.,19607,,,,1996,324344?137C.Liu(J)PeterJ.Golas1969,ProblemSinAsianCivilizationsChangeinSuChina:Inno:ationorRention?,:,(innovation)(renovation),,,,,,,¹,,2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,¹Liu,JameSr.C&Pete:j.Gola,,eds.,ChangeinSungChina:Innoat00oreno:arion?Lexing*on,Mas,.:MD.e.HeathandCompany,1969.1980,,,,,138(),,,BlJ,,1976,,,(2001),¹7080,1999º,(1991)(2(X)220()4)»,RiehardvonGlahnImaginingpremodemChina(2003),,(integrative)(eonneetive)(worldhistoriealperspeetiv),¼,(2001),¹,52.2(1976):26.46,52.3(1976):3650;,,19116,27030,23.1(2(X)l),124131º(,,,1999(,,1980)»,,,1991;(),,20022X2004¼VonGlahn,ehard,ImningpremodernChina,ThsganMiTraininChineseto.(Smith,Paul&RiehardvonGlahi,5.;Ca,nbrid,Mass.:HaryrdUniversityPress,2003),PP.3570.?139:,¹,)),,,º,,,,»,(Pattem,MarkElvinThePalternoflhchit),,¼,,,11(2001),149169,357(1980),6679;,48.2(19%),4654;,(,,,1993);,l9.6,2227200311,.,.(,9(2003),247-294,,,1996,1.4(1972),l22,65231982),73425es9º»¼140(),,J¹(PeterBol),,,,,,º()()(),(),:,,,,,,,»¹,1988.1,8286,43;,,,1992º,,3(2000),6387BOI,Peter,CuureofOurs:erualTrans.inTaasuina.stalrd:stanfordunsversityPress,1992,,,,:1999,,,2001,185-211»,,,--,,,(,21,(18);,,2.(11)?14,¹,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,??,,,,(),,,?:,,¹,,,2(X142(),,,¹,,??3.,,;,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,º,,,,:,25.1,7886_(,,,,,1989,1123;,,,,1996,504-509,:,?143,,,,,,,,¹,,,,,,(ePochmaking),,,,,,,,,:,,º,,,,(),,,»¹,,1994,5º,,,2002,342343-»,,,,2002,,,.,,,(),,,144(),,¹,,º,,,,?,,,(setapattem),,d(Neotradition),:,,,,»,,,,,¼,8,(755)(780),,,:½,,;,,2005.1,38,,,,,,,2(X)3liu,jamesT.C.,TheNeo~lraditionalPeriodinChaeinSuChina:In~anorRe~n?pp2729.,,,1997,46061,21,(),,,2003,159176,,203229»½¼?145,,,,,,,,d;,:,,¹,,,,():(((((8)(10)(11)(12))){jjj!!!!!!!!!!!!!lllllllllllll}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}},,,,,,¹(2003),164146(),,,,,,,,,:;,,,;,8,10,,,,,,,hlJ,,,,,,,,,,?147,,¹,,p,,,(618)(1279)º:1.,,,,¹º:,,,,U,,,204214(,,1990),,,,()(,,1993),,(,,1994),HlJ(),:,(1981.357,6679)(,,19%),,,(,,,2,487-511)(2003.6,5990),;,,.6181279()(2001.11,149169),.,,,148(),,,,2.,,,,,,,,,3.,,6181279,,,,,(transforming),()(transformed):??3.1(58118),(307756),,,,,(5811279)(6181279)??3,2,,,HlJ,?1494.,,)()??,?,6181279,,,,:?(6181279)(5811279)?,???(2004.10)?,,,?,???,,,,,(?)ThoSongjnMingTransitionichnesoHisto(),,,,CPaulSmith7500()1127(theTangSongtrans-formation),15501900(theMingQingtransformation),,(1127oo),(thesongYuanMingtransition)?smith:,(Transitiondenolesaperiodofhighlyeonringentanduneertainehangeseparatingtwomorerelativelywelldefinedpha-ses)RiehardvonGlahn:7501100,noo14(X),(lateimperialChina)VonGlahn:11001400,,(bothatransitionandadistinetivephaseinChinesehistowithitsownlongtermeonjuneturaldynam-ics)¹(Smith),,SmithVonGlahn,,,()()(),,,,()()()mith,Paul&RiehardvonGlahn,eds.Tlle50jnMingTraininChineseHis-,o.(eamlrid,Mass.:HarvaxdUniversityPress,2003),pp.l0.(),42(2003),813?l(),,,Smith,()()();,()()():,()?()?,?????,?,,Smith,,,,,749,?749(),,?Smith,,,,,,19995:(2000),,,,152(),,,,,ThsongnngTran,1314,,,,¹,,,(cumulativechan-ges),,,,,,XYXY,(,),(transformativechange),?,,,,,,,(