您好,欢迎访问三七文档
1名词考点摘要:一、名词的定义:名词是表示人、事物、地点,现象以及其他抽象概念的词。如:man,radio,difficulty等。二、名词的分类:名词可以根据其意义分为专有名词和普通名词。名词按照其所表示的事物的性质有可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。三、名词的数:(一)可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1.单数名词表示一个可数的事物。在使用时,前面一般加不定冠词a或an。2.复数名词表示大于1个以上的可数事物。(1)可数名词复数形式的规则变化及读音如下表所示:情况构成方法读音例词一般情况在词尾加上-s1.-s在清辅音后发/s/2.–s在浊辅音和元音后发/z/1.desk—desksmap—maps2.dog—dogsday—days以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词在词尾加上-es-es发/iz/bus—busesbox—boxeswatch—watchesdish—dishes以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词在词尾加上-s-s发/iz/face—facesnurse—nursesprize—prizesorange—oranges以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把y变为i再加-es-ies发/iz/story—storiesfamily—families以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe变为v再加上es-ves发/vz/knife—knivesleaf—leavesthief—thieveshalf—halves以o结尾的名词1.以辅音+o结尾,在词尾加上-es2.以元音+o结尾或外来词,在词尾加上-s但是有些并不规则(简单的记忆:两人(hero,negro)两菜(potato,tomato)一回声(echo)这五个单词的复数是加-es,其余的是加-s.)-es发/z/-s发/z/1.photo—photostomato—tomatoes2.zoo—zoosradio—radiospiano—pianosphoto—photos(2)可数名词复数形式的不规则变化:①少数名词有不规则的复数形式,如man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,tooth—teeth,child—children,mouse—mice等。②有些名词的单复数形式相同,如sheep—sheep,deer—deer,Chinese—Chinese,Japanese—Japanese,means—means等③有些名词形式上是单数,实际为复数意义。通常被称为复数名词,如:people,police等。④由-man和-woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如Frenchman2—Frenchmen,Englishwoman—Englishwomen,但是German不是合成词,其复数形式为Germans。另外,man,woman作定语时,他的单复数形式与它所修饰的名词保持一致,如:mandriver—mendrivers,womanteacher—womenteachers等。⑤有些名词只有复数形式,如:clothes,trousers,glasses,chopsticks等。⑥数词+名词作定语时,常采用i.数词+单数名词形式。如atwo-weekholiday。ii.数词+名词's(或:数词+名词s’)如atwoweeks’holiday。⑦只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:学科名称,如mahts,physics;游戏名称,如:bowls;专有名词,如theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls;其它名词,如:news等。(二)不可数名词不可数名词没有单复数形式,要表示不可数名词的数量,可以用以下两种方法。1.用much,alittle,alotof(=lotsof),some,any,plentyof等修饰。如:Therichmanhasalotofmoney.Thereissomemilkinthebottles.Isthereanywaterintheglass?Idon’tlikewinterbecausethere’stoomuchsnowandice.ThereisplentyofwaterinsouthernChina.2.用量词。如:twocupsoftea,fourpiecesofpaper.四、名词所有格名词的所有格用来表示人或物的所有关系。所有格的构成有以下几种形式。(一)有生命名词的所有格1.单数名词后加’s,如mymother'sbirthday,theboy’sbook等.2.不以s结尾的复数名词后加’s,如theChildren'sPalace,women’sroom等.3.以s结尾的复数后加’,如theteachers’office,thetwins’room等。4.并列名词各有所属时,在两个名词之后都加’s,如Mary’sandTom’sfather(两个爸爸)。并列名词有共同所属时,只在最后一个名词后加’s,如MaryandTom’sfather(同一个爸爸)。(二)无生命名词的所有格1.通常用“of+名词”的形式,如apictureofmine,amapofChina.2.表示特定时间,距离,集体,城市,国家,机构等所属的名词,可以用’s来表示所有关系,如today’snewspaper,tenminutes’walk。知识链接:1.单数名词或不可数名词做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式;可数名词的复数做主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式;集体名词做主语时,如果强调整个集体这一个概念,谓语动词用单数,如果强调组成集体的成员,谓语动词用复数:如:Class10haveagoodtimeinthemountains.Class10isthebestclassinourschool.2.hair,fruit常用单数表示总称,但表示“若干根头发”,“若干种水果”,则用复数。如:afewhairs意为:“几根头发”,manykindsoffruits意为“许多种水果”。选择题:()1.Itisfiveyearssincewebegantoenjoya________springholidayeacyear.A.ten-dayB.tendayC.tenday’sD.ten-days()2.Astherewherenotenoughchairsinthepark,theyhadtositonthe________.A.groundB.earthC.landD.field()3.Takeiteasy.Thereisstill_______timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew()4.Bethhasabeautiful_________.Listen!Sheissingingverywell.A.voiceB.lookC.soundD.smell()5.----Ihearyouhavetogetupearlyeverymorning.----Right.It’soneofthe_________inmyfamily.A.plansB.ordersC.rulesD.suggestions()6.----Whosekeyisthis?3----Isit__________?Sheislookingforitontheplayground.A.Tom’sB.Kate'sC.TomD.Kate()7.Therearetwo_________inthecity.A.car’sfactoryB.car’sfactoriesC.factoriesofcarsD.carfactories()8.Hedroppedthe_________andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’sC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup()9.Wecangetmuch______fromtheprogramsonCCTV10.A.ideasB.informationC.photosD.stories()10.----DoyouknowMrSmith?----Yes,heisafriendof__________.A.Lucy’suncleB.Lucy’suncle’sC.uncle’sofLucyD.Lucyuncle’s()11.----Whatcanyouseeoverthere?----Oh,Isee_______areeatinggrass.A.manysheepB.manysheepsC.thesheepsD.muchsheep()12.It’sraining.Wouldyoupleasmake________forthestudentsoutside?A.placeB.spacesC.roomD.seats()13.----WhatcanIdoforyou?----Iwanttobuysome______clothes.A.man’sB.newsC.menD.men’s()14.Thiskindoftreehasgreen______allaroundtheyear.A.leafB.leafsC.leavesD.leave()15.Weare_________andyoutwoare__________.A.Chinese;GermansB.Chinese;GermenC.Chinese;GermenD.Chineses;Germmans()16.Juliewenttothe________shoptobuy________.A.shoes;shoesB.shoe;shoesC.shoe;shoeD.shoes;shoe()17.Themaninblackis_________.A.afriendofmyfatherB.myfather’sfriendsC.afriendofmyfather’sC.myfatherfriend()18.OurEnglishteachergaveus________onEnglishlearning.A.aadviceB.anadviceC.someadviceD.someadvices()19.----Wouldyoulike________?----Thankyou,butI'mnotthirty.A.somesandwichesB.somecakesC.somebreadD.someorange()20.----Wherearetheboystudents?----Theyareplayingfootballontheplayground.A.boysstudentsB.boystudentsC.boystudentD.boysstudent()21.----Howsoonshallwestartthebiketrip?----___________.A.Infiveday’stimeB.Infivedays’timeC.InfivedaystimeD.Forfivedays()22.Thereare51________inourschool.A.womanteacherB.womenteacherC.womenteachersD.womanteachers()23.Ihavemade_______withBilly.A.friendsB.friendC.afriendD.thefriend()24.I’llbuy__________trousers.A.aB.twoC.apairofD.apieceof()25.----Areyousureyoudon'twanttogotothemoviestonight?----Ican’t.Ihave_____todo.A.muchhomework’sB.toomuchhomeworkC.ToomanyhomeworkD.toomanyhomework’s(
本文标题:中考名词专练
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-6764348 .html