Pompeii

PompeiiisanancientItaliancityontheBayofNaples.Foundedinthe7thcenturyBCbyatribecalledtheOscans,itwaslatertakenoverbytheRomansinthefirstcentury,andbecameaprosperouscityuntilcompletelyburiedbytheeruptionofMountVesuviusinAD79.AroundtheendofthefirstcenturyAD,aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathehadwitnessedasayoungman.ThisparticularlysadeventleftadeepimpressiononPlinywholivedinMisenumatthattime.Thankstohim,wecanknowmoreaboutthisdisaster,butatthattime,fewpeoplebelievedhiswordaboutituntilthecity’srediscovery.ThisvolcaniceruptionmadePompeiiatimecapsule,afrozenmomentinhistory.TheeruptionburiedPompeiiunder4to6metersofashandpumice,andthelong-forgottensiteofthecitywasrediscoveredin1748andhasbeenexcavated(挖掘)sincethattime.Now,fourfifthsofthecityhasbeendiscovered.Gladiators(格斗士)areaclassofprofessionalandcommercialfighters,whofoughteachotherfortheamusementofthespectatorsinancientRome.Thecombatsusuallytookplaceinamphitheaters(竞技场).AmarketandmeetingplaceinancientRomantownsinItaly.Inmodernusage,thewordmaymeanthemeetingitself–usuallyadiscussion,oranexchangeofviews.JupiteristhesupremegodinthereligionofancientRoman.Originallyagodassociatedwithrainandculture,hebecamethegreatfathergodconcernedwithallaspectsoflife.注:罗马文化或许是跟希腊文化很像,但是在罗马文化的朱庇特代表的並不是爱神,而是代表希腊文化的主神宙斯InthereligionoftheancientGreeks,ApolloisoneofthemostimportantOlympiangods,asymboloflight,ofyouthfulmanlybeautyandofreason.Heisalsoassociatedwithprophecy(预言),medicine,music,poetryandthecareofflocksandherds(牛羊).Afterthe5thcenturyBC,hewasfrequentlyidentifiedwiththesungod.Inarthewasportrayedastheperfectionofyouthandbeauty.Originally,anancientEgyptiangoddessoffertility(丰饶女神).Butastimewenton,shebecameregardedasabeneficent(行善的)mothergoddessinancientRome.However,muchmorethanbuildingsandobjects,itistheformsofthepeople(whowerecaughtinthedisaster)thathavemadethecityamonumenttohumanhistory.Onecanonlyfeelsorrowanddeepsympathyfortheseonce-livingstatues.Peoplegatheredtogetherforprotectionintheirlasthoursoflife.Oneperson,sittingalone,lookslikehewaspraying.Theman,lyingonhisside,looksasifhewastryingtogetup.EscapingpeopleSleepingpeopleStrugglingpeople