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“Eveline”卢玉梅201316010016Joyce’sworkisarecordofthelife,thoughts,dreams,aspirationsandfrustrationsofdiverseinhabitantsinDublin.MyintentionwastowriteachapterofthemoralhistoryofmycountryandIchoseDublinforthescenebecausethatcityseemedtomethecenterofparalysis(i.e.moralhemiplegia(偏瘫)orspiritualpoverty).Inthisparalyzedcity,everythingstandsundertheswayofpriests.Theyoungmaydreamofescapingfromthenarrowconfines,butsinceeventheirdreamsofgettingawayareshapedintheexistingsurroundings,theireffortsoftenendinbitterresignationorfruitlessdiscontent.JamesJoyce’swork---Dublinersacollectionoffifteenshortstoriesdealingsuccessivelywitheventsofchildhood,youthandadulthood.Asthetitleindicated,JoycemadeIrelandthefocusofhisstories.Dublinersisaboutpeople’sspiritualgrowth.Allthecharactersinthestoriesstruggle,inonewayoranotherwithoppressivemorality,personalfrustrations,orrestlessdesires.Theyareordinarypeopleinvolvedinvariousminoryetmeaningfuleventsineverydaylife.Often,thesecharactersareonthebrinkofdiscoveringsomething,suchasloss,shame,failure,ordeath.Thesestoriescontainnomelodramaticconflict;instead,theypresentthosequietmomentsinthecharacters’liveswhentheycometoasuddenrealizationofthemeaningoftheirexistence(anepiphany).InDubliners,JamesJoycemadeuseofepiphanytoshowthecomplexemotion.Attheendofthestories,theheroessuddenlyunderstoodtheirpredicament,andthenrealizedtheessenceoflife.乔伊斯早年在爱尔兰的生活对其小说创作产生了深远的影响。在他的小说中,故事的发生均以爱尔兰为地点。乔伊斯在早期出版的短篇小说集《都柏林人》中深入的剖析都柏林社会发展的迟缓和麻木。《都柏林人》的主题是“顿悟”,意指对灵魂或其他事物突然间的发现或自觉。Whereistheepiphany?ItoccurswhereEvelinesuddenlyrealizesthatshehastherighttohappinessandFrankwillgiveherlifeandloveaswell(para.18).Butherepiphanyisnotcomplete,becausesheisawakenedtoherrightbutdoesnotreallytakeactiontoseekhappiness.StructureoftheStorybackgroundintroduction.thinkofthetwosidesofgoingaway.decidetogothinkofthedutyandresponsibilitytothefamilyhesitanttogofrightenedbythemiseryofthemotherdecidetogototallyatalossaboutwhethertogoornottogoandatlastfailtogoWhatistheconflictinthestory?TheconflictisthatbetweenEveline’sdesiretoleaveandherdutytothefamilyorherdesireforfreedomandherconservativeideas.WhatarethecharactertraitsofEveline?Intellectually,Evelineistimidinnatureandhesitantorperplexedindeterminationandpassiveinaction;insomewaysheisratherignorantandconservative,devoidofself-assertion,butsheiscompetentinarrangingthehousework.Morally,sheiskindtopeopleanddutifulanddevotedtoherfamily,filialtoherparents.Emotionally,sheispassionatetoherbrothersandnostalgicforthepastandalsoeagerforlove.Butatlastshebecomesapathetic,revealingtheparalyticnatureofDublinersbecauseofreligiousanaesthesia(麻醉)andhermentalconfusionandtimidity.Inwhatwaydoesthestoryrevealtheconfinementofgenderrole?Thestory“Eveline”throughtherepresentationofEveline’sandhermother’slifeshowsthatwomenatthattimeshouldbedomestic,sacrificialandvotivetothefamily,buttheydon’thavetherighttodetermineorcontrolthingsindependently,eventheirownlife,marriageandfate;theyhavetoaccepttheirunbearablelifepassivelyandenduremiseriessilentlyandobediently.Soitisanexposureoftheunreasonablenessoftraditionalfemininequalityandrole.ButEveline’sawarenessofhermother’smiserablelifeandherdesiretoseekanewlifeandarealhappymarriagerevealstheawakeningofherfemaleconsciousness.《都柏林人》(Dubliners)是爱尔兰籍作家詹姆斯·乔伊斯于1914年出版的一本短篇小说集,包含了15篇故事,另有五篇只定了题目,却未能写出。前三篇写童年,青年、成年、公务员时期则各四篇。最后一篇〈往生者〉篇幅最长,也最著名。乔伊斯本人最喜欢〈会议室里的常春藤日〉〈护花使者〉,〈阿拉比〉则是公认的杰作。研究爱尔兰文学的国立台湾师范大学庄坤良教授曾提到《都柏林人》的写作基本上是一部“爱尔兰的道德史”,目的是要“提供一面亮晶晶镜子,叫爱尔兰人好好看清楚自己的真实面貌”。[1]姐妹俩(TheSisters)–叙述一位神父弗林(FatherFlynn)死于“瘫痪”,随着深入的阅读会发现到死者其实并非死于肉体上的“瘫痪”,而是死于精神上的“瘫痪”。偶遇(AnEncounter)–一位逃学的学生面对着性爱的冲击。阿拉比(Araby)–一个男孩暗恋朋友的姐姐,想在周末前往“阿拉比集市”为她选择礼物,但迟迟没拿到钱,最后也没买到东西。伊夫琳(Eveline)–一位年轻少女伊夫琳要和男友私奔,逃离让她依恋又恐惧的家,前往新大陆开始新生活。但在上船前的一刻,她放弃了。赛车之后(AftertheRace)–一位学院学生吉米(JimmyDoyle)试着去适应他那有钱的朋友。护花使者(TwoGallants)–两个骗子连罕(Lenehan)和可林(Corley)设计一位少女从她老板身上偷窥东西。寄宿家庭(TheBoardingHouse)–摩尼(Moorney)女士成功的策划她的女儿波莉(Polly)跟杜兰(Doran)先生结婚。小云朵(ALittleCloud)–小钱德勒(LittleChandler)和他的老友盖勒(IgnatiusGallaher)吃午餐,透过云雾的朦胧,盖勒对小钱说了异国风光的故事,小钱喝点威士忌后,开始回忆着他失败的文学梦想(literarydreams)。小钱回家之后,感觉到都柏林的景象与生活方式,更显得毫无生气,他对着儿子吼叫,小婴儿哇啦哭起来。这时妻子开门进来大骂,问他为什么没把小孩子照顾好,儿子在妻子的安慰下停止了哭声。小钱这时流下悔恨的泪水。一对一(Counterparts)–华林顿(Farrington)一位窝囊的销售员,在办公室被主管责骂,在酒吧跟一位年轻人比腕力输了,只好回家打小孩。他可怜的儿子汤姆(Tom)屁股被打得皮肉绽开,只能向万福玛丽亚祈祷。泥土(Clay)–一名少女玛丽亚(Maria)跟她的过去的好友乔(Joe)与乔的朋友阿尔菲庆祝万圣节。憾事一桩(APainfulCase)–杜飞(Duffer)先生回绝了西宁可(Sinico)女士,四年后他才确定那是他失去一生中最重要的一次爱情。会议室里的常春藤日(IvyDayintheCommitteeRoom)–一位爱尔兰政客把大量的钱投入到爱尔兰的无冕王巴内尔(CharlesParnell)的逝世纪念日上。一位母亲(AMother)–卡内女士(Kearney)试着为她的女儿凯莉(Kathleen)举办一场成功的钢琴演奏会。神的恩典(Grace)–柯南先生(Kernan)遭受到生活上的不如意,他的朋友试着让他重新站起来。往生者(短篇小说)(TheDead)–描绘陆续抵达的客人在享用圣诞节大餐的人,主角加布里埃尔透过这场“爱尔兰盛宴”的人虽然还活着,其实精神上已经瘫痪了,不过是些活死人罢了。一些批评家认为这篇故事,是要写犯下基督教七罪之一“饕餮
本文标题:Eveline
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