我国中小学武术教材的变革研究_郑媛

I中文摘要进入21世纪，学校体育已迎来从“教学大纲”走向《课程标准》的全方位变革期。面对社会的发展和学科自身完善的需要，学校武术的改革势在必行！本研究根据我国中小学体育教学指导纲要的要求，针对目前武术教材内容的实际情况，对我国中小学武术教材理论研究的成果进行了梳理，在此基础上探讨我国中小学武术教材发展的主要脉络，并分析总结中小学武术教材发展过程中的经验与存在的问题。基于此，本文运用了文献资料法、专家访谈法、历史分析法、逻辑分析法等研究方法，以建国以来我国中小学体育教材中的武术教材内容为研究对象，旨在探索新形势下武术教材的发展态势，以期为我国现阶段中小学武术教材建设与改革提供有益的参考，同时也为今后提高武术教材编制质量具有重要意义。依据我国中小学体育教学大纲的发展演变历程，本论文将建国以来我国中小学武术教材的沿革与改革分成以下四个时期：雏形阶段(1949年一1976年)，该时期大纲对武术教材内容和课时分配强调整齐划一，套路占据了主导地位和绝对的优势。调整阶段(1977年——1988年)，此阶段的武术教材内容改革增加了攻防动作，与此同时，民族传统体育是本大纲新提出的教材内容和概念，增加了五禽戏、八段锦等民间体育的内容。拓展阶段(1989年——2000年)，该阶段大纲内容增加了形神拳和太极拳，并首次提出武德教育。深化改革阶段(2001年—2011年)，跟以往大纲相比新标准没有规定具体的武术教学内容，对完成课程目标所必需的内容和方法仅规划了一个大体范围，关注更多的是教学内容对学生学习的过程方法和习惯的培养。建国以来我国中小学武术教材改革取得了许多宝贵的经验，主要表现为：①武术教材内容围绕社会需要，服务社会；②武术教材的改革与学校体育教育思想紧密结合；③武术教材的改革紧跟武术的发展；④武术教材编排考虑了不同学段的学习衔接。我国中小学武术教材改革存在的问题是：①受西方体育文化的挤压，武术不受重视；②武术的文化教育价值缺失；③武术认识上的缺陷导致套路占主导地位；④武术教材体系改革欠缺。通过以上分析研究，本论文认为，当代我国中小学武术教材改革发展态势是：II传承与超越已有的武术教材；教材内容以一两种武术技能为主，实现终身体育教育；凸显武术教材文化教化功能，培养学生健全人格；一纲多本，以校本教材为主。关键词：中小学武术教材；发展历程；经验；问题；发展态势作者：郑媛指导老师：李龙IIIResearchesontheReformofWushuTeachingMaterialsinMiddleandElementarySchoolsAbstractInthe21stcentury,thepreviousteachingoutlineofP.Ehasturnedtocoursestandardsall-round.Withsocialdevelopmentandoptimizeddiscipline,thereformofWushuteachingmaterialsseemsimperative.AccordingtotherequirementofteachingoutlineofP.E.andthesituationofWushuteachingmaterials,theoreticalresearchofWushuteachingmaterialsinMiddleandElementarySchoolshasbeencollated,thehistoryhasbeendiscussed,andtheexperienceandproblemshasbeenanalyzed.Toprovidebeneficialreferenceandimprovethequalityofconstructionofteachingmaterials,theresearchtriedtogetthetendencyofteachingmaterialsbymethodsofdocumentaldata,interviewing,historicalanalysisandlogicalanalyses.BasedonthechangingprocessfortheteachingoutlineofP.E.inMiddleandElementarySchools,wedividedthehistoryintofourperiods:Originalstage(1949--1976)inflexiblecontentandclasshoursaredominant.Adjuststage(1977--1988)attackpreventionactionandnationaltraditionalsportsincludingfiveanimalsexerciseadds.Developmentstage(1989--2000)appearance-spriteboxing,taijiquanandwushuethiceducationisfresh.Deepeningreformstage(2001--2011)thereisn’ttoomuchspecificcontentbutonlyanapproximaterange.Inthisstage,moreattentionhaspaidtolearningmethodandstudyhabit.WehaveobtainedmanyvaluableexperiencesduringthereformofWushuteachingmaterialsinMiddleandElementarySchools.Forinstance,thecontentofteachingmaterialsshouldbecloselylinkedwithsocialdemandandserveit.ReformandP.E.teachingthoughtshouldbecombinedtogether.ReformcouldnotsucceedwithoutthedevelopmentofWushuitself.Continuityshouldbeconsideredwhencompilingschooltextbooks.Ofcourse,therearesomeproblemsduringthereformofWushuteachingmaterials,whichincludesthelackofattention,theabsenceofculturaleducationalvalue,theleadingpositionofWushuroutine,theweaknessoftextbooksreform.IVAccordingtotheaboveanalysis,wethoughtthatthedevelopmenttendencyofourcontemporaryWushuschoolteachingmaterialsisinheritinganddevelopingtheexistingtextbooks,teachingstudentstolearnoneortwoWushuskillsforthepurposeoflifelongP.E.education,emphasizingtheculturalenlighteningruleofWushutotrainstudentstoformhealthypersonality,oneteachingguidelinewithmorethanonetextbooksbutmoreattentiontoschooltextbooks.Keywords:WushuteachingmaterialsinMiddleandElementarySchools;developmentcourse;experiences;problems;developmenttendencyWrittenby:ZhengYuanSupervisedby:LiLong目录1导论························································································································11.1选题依据及意义································································································11.2相关概念阐释····································································································31.2.1教材·············································································································31.2.2中小学体育教学大纲与新课程标准·························································31.3文献综述···········································································································41.3.1有关我国中小学武术教材现状的研究······················································41.3.2有关我国中小学武术教材改革发展趋势的研究·······································62研究对象与研究方法······························································································102.1研究对象·········································································································102.2研究方法·········································································································102.2.1文献资料法······························································································102.2.2专家访谈法·······························································································102.2.3历史分析法·······························································································102.2.4逻辑分析法······························································································103研究结果与分析················································································