初中英语的不定式和动名词

初中不定式和动名词一、动词不定式：构成：to+动词原形（to只是不定式符号，没有意义）1.动词不定式作主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末It+is/was+形容词+(forsb.)+动词不定式TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.=It’susefultolearnEnglishwell.学好英语是有用的。Toprotectenvironmentisimportantforus.=It’simportantforustoprotectenvironment.对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。2.Itis/was+kind/good/nice/clever+ofsb.+动词不定式It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真的太聪明啦。3.Ittakes(took,willtake)sb.sometimetodosomething.(做某事花费某人…时间)4.常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有：agree同意,begin开始,choose选择,dare敢,decide决定,expect期望,forget忘记,hate憎恨,hope希望,learn学会,like喜欢,love喜爱,need必要,offer提供,prefer宁愿,promise保证,refuse拒绝,remember记得,start开始,try设法,want想要,wish希望,wouldlike想要5.主语+find/think+it+形容词+(forsb.)+todoIfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每天读英语和容易的。Hefeltithardtosleep.他觉得很难入睡。IthinkitveryinterestingtolearnEnglish.我认为学英语很有趣。Wefounditimpossibletocrosstheriver.我们发现过河是不可能的。6.下列动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补助语：want想要,wish希望,ask问,tell告诉,order命令,beg乞求,help帮助,advise建议,allow允许,prepare准备,call叫,waitfor等待,invite邀请Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题很难回答Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.这个房间住起来很舒服Heiseasytogetalongwith.他很容易相处I’mgladtoseeyouagain.很高兴再次见到你Shetoldmetobuyaticket.她让我去买张票7.help后的不定式可带to,也可不带toTheteachershelpedthestudents(to)learnEnglishwell.那些老师帮助学生学好英语。Heoftenhelpshismother(to)tidyuptheroom.他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。8.不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等Herjobistocleanthehall.她的工作就是打扫大厅。Mydreamistobeateacher.我的梦想是当一名教师。9.不定式作状语的用法Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.（表目的）他日夜工作来赚钱。Heistooyoungtogotoschool.（表结果）他太小以致不能上学。Theywereverysadtohearthenews.（表原因）听到这个消息他们非常伤心。Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.（表程度）这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。10.动词不定式省to的情况A.一感feel,二听hear,listento,三使have,let,make,四看see,watch,lookat,noticeB.不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式,则后接不带to的不定式。Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？HedoesnothingbutwatchTVeveryday.他每天除了看电视，什么也不做。Ihavenochoicebutacceptthefact.除了接受这个事实我别无选择。C.wouldrather…than,ratherthan等结构的than之后用不带to的动词不定式。Hewouldgobacktohisworkratherthanstayinhospital.Iwouldprefertostayhereratherthangothere.D.hadbetter后不接to11.不定式的否定式是在不定式前加notTheytoldusnottoplaybasketballtoolong.Youhadbetternotgotobedlate.12.动词不定式可以和疑问词who,what,which,when,how,where(why除外)等连用，构成不定式短语。Canyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?Ididn’tknowwhattodonext.HowtolearnEnglishwellisthequestionthatweallwanttoask.Thequestioniswhentogetthere.二、动名词（动词+ing）作用相当于名词1.Readingisanart.读书是一种艺术。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任务就是擦窗户。awashingmachine洗衣机，areadingroom阅览室2.下列动词只能接动名词（即动词+ing）enjoydoingsth,喜欢做某事minddoingsth介意做某事,practicedoingsth练习做某事finishdoingsth做完某事feellikedoingsth想要做某事keepdoingsth坚持做某事beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事spend…(in)doingsth花费时间做某事havefundoingsth尽情做某事haveagoodtimedoingsth做某事很快乐preferdoingsthtodoingsth与…相比更喜欢做某事can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁做某事lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事三、不定式与动名词的比较1．有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意义不变。如：begin开始,start开始,hate憎恨,like喜欢,love喜爱2．有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意义差别较大1）stopdoingsth记得作过某事（某事已做过）stoptososth记住去做某事（某事还没做）2）forgetdoingsth忘了作过某事（某事已做过）forgettodosth忘了去做某事（某事还没做）3）trytodosth尽力去做某事trydoingsth试一试，试试看4）goondoingsth继续做某事（同一动作）goontodosth继续去做某事（不同的事）5）stopdoingsth把某事停下来stoptodosth停下（手中事）去做另外的事非谓语动词（不定式和动名词）专练（）1.Mothertoldhersoninthestreet.A.notplayB.tonotplayC.doesn’tplayD.nottoplay()2.Hiswishwasascientist.A.tobecomesB.becomesC.becomeD.tobecome()3.It’sraininghard.You’dbetter.A.gooutB.notgooutC.nottogooutD.tonotout()4.Doyouknowwashingmachine?A.wheretogetB.towheretogetC.wheregetD.towhereget()5.Thestudentsdon’tknownext.A.howtoB.whattodoC.whatdoD.dowhat()6.WouldyoumindmehowEnglishwords?A.telling,torememberB.telling,rememberC.tell,torememberD.tell,remember()7.Mr.Brownaskedustostop,andwestoppedhimatonce.A.talking,tolistentoB.totalk,tolistenC.talking,listeningD.talk,listen()8.Whatareyougoingtobeafteryoufinishcollege?I’mgoingtobeasinger,butmyparentsmetobeadoctor.A.hopeB.wantC.makeD.let()9.IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang’shomejustnow.Yes,sheisoftenseentheoldmanwithhishousework.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped()10.Doyouneedtogettherebeforeten?No,I.A.don’thavetoB.don’tneedC.can’tD.mustn’t()12.Aftershefinishedtheletter,shewenttobed.A.towriteB.writingC.writtenD.wrote()13.Itwasverylateatnight,hestillwenton.A.worksB.workedC.workingD.work()14.Haveyoufinishthebook?Notyet.I’lltryittoyoubeforeFriday.A.reading,returning,B.toread,toreturnC.reading,toreturn,D.toread,returning()15.Theoldmanisstrongenough.Heprefersto.A.walking,ridingB.walk,rideC.towalk,rideD.walking,ride()16.Ihavequiteafewpeople.A.takecareofB.totakecareofC.totakecareD.takecare()17.Iusuallyforgetthedoor,butIremembereditwhenIleftyesterday.A.closing,closingB.toclose,tocloseC.toclose,closingD.closing,toclose()18.I’mmadethirstybythestrangething.A.feelB.feelingC.tofeelD.felt()19.Wouldyouplease?A.notgothereB.togothereC.goingthereD.nottogothere()20.I’msorryyourfriendisill.A.hearB.tohearC.listenD.tolisten()21.WillyoupleasetellJohntocometomyoffice?.A.Yes,IdoB.I’llbegladC.ThankyouD.I’llbegladto()22.Haveyoureadthebook?It’sworth.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.toreading()23.Thisboxistooheavyforthechild.A.tocarryitB.tocarryC.carryingD.carryingit()24.Theyoungmanisolden