IFC水电工程的环境健康和安全途径英文版2018374页

GOODPRACTICENOTEEnvironmental,Health,andSafetyApproachesforHydropowerProjectsMARCH2018©InternationalFinanceCorporation2017.Allrightsreserved.2121PennsylvaniaAvenue,N.W.Washington,D.C.20433Internet:’sinvestmentandprojectteams.ItisnotintendedtobeacomplianceguideorsubstituteforIFC’sPerformanceStandardsortheWorldBankGroup’sEnvironmental,HealthandSafetyGuidelines.ThepurposeoftheGoodPracticeSeriesistoshareinformationaboutprivatesectorapproachesforaddressingarangeofenvironmentalandsocialissues,thatIFCbelievesdemonstrateoneorelementsofgoodpracticeintheseareas.Informationabouttheseapproachesmaybetakenfrompubliclyavailableorotherthirdpartysources.IFCand/oritsaffiliatesmayhavefinancialinterestsinorothercommercialrelationshipswithcertainofthecompanies.IFCmaynotrequirealloranyofthedescribedpracticesinitsowninvestments,andinitssolediscretionmaynotagreetofinanceorassistcompaniesorprojectsthatadheretothosepractices.AnysuchpracticesorproposedpracticeswouldbeevaluatedbyIFConacase-by-casebasiswithdueregardfortheparticularcircumstancesoftheproject.IFCdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracy,reliabilityorcompletenessofthecontentincludedinthiswork,orfortheconclusionsorjudgmentsdescribedherein,andacceptsnoresponsibilityorliabilityforanyomissionsorerrors(including,withoutlimitation,typographicalerrorsandtechnicalerrors)inthecontentwhatsoeverorforreliancethereon.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartofTheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries.Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisvolumedonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheExecutiveDirectorsofTheWorldBankorthegovernmentstheyrepresent.Thecontentsofthisworkareintendedforgeneralinformationalpurposesonlyandarenotintendedtoconstitutelegal,securities,orinvestmentadvice,anopinionregardingtheappropriatenessofanyinvestment,orasolicitationofanytype.IFCoritsaffiliatesmayhaveaninvestmentin,provideotheradviceorservicesto,orotherwisehaveafinancialinterestin,certainofthecompaniesandparties.Allotherqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtoIFC’sCorporateRelationsDepartment,2121PennsylvaniaAvenue,N.W.,Washington,D.C.20433.InternationalFinanceCorporationisaninternationalorganizationestablishedbyArticlesofAgreementamongitsmembercountries,andamemberoftheWorldBankGroup.Allnames,logosandtrademarksarethepropertyofIFCandyoumaynotuseanyofsuchmaterialsforanypurposewithouttheexpresswrittenconsentofIFC.Additionally,“InternationalFinanceCorporation”and“IFC”areregisteredtrademarksofIFCandareprotectedunderinternationallaw.FormoreinformationonIFC’scommitmenttosustainability,includinglinkstotheSustainabilityFramework,visit::ShutterstockPhotocredits:WorldBankGroupPhotoCollections&ShutterstockTableofContents | iTableofContentsAcknowledgmentsiiiForewordivListofAbbreviationsandAcronymsvIntroductionvii1.Industry-SpecificImpactsandManagement11.1 Environment11.1.1 GeneralPrinciplesforIdentificationandManagementofEnvironmentalRisksandImpacts21.1.2 WatershedManagement31.1.3 HabitatConversion51.1.4 ChangesinInstreamFlow51.1.5 ConnectivityandFishEntrainment91.1.6 StreamMorphologyandSedimentManagement111.1.7 GeneralPollutionPreventionandControlandReservoirManagement131.2 OccupationalHealthandSafety211.2.1 ConstructionOHSAspects221.2.2 RockSlideandSnowAvalancheManagement251.2.3 OperationOHSAspects251.3 CommunityHealthandSafety261.3.1 DamSafetyandEmergencyPreparednessandResponse261.3.2 ReservoirandInfrastructureSafety291.3.3 ReservoirSlopeFailures301.3.4 GeneralHealthIssues312.PerformanceIndicatorsandMonitoring332.1 Environment332.1.1 EmissionsandEffluentGuidelines332.1.2 EnvironmentalMonitoring33ii | GoodPracticeNote:Environmental,Health,andSafetyApproachesforHydropowerProjects2.2 OccupationalHealthandSafetyPerformance362.2.1 OccupationalHealthandSafetyGuidelines362.2.2 AccidentandFatalityRates372.2.3 OccupationalHealthandSafetyMonitoring373.ReferencesandAdditionalResources39AnnexA:GeneralDescriptionofIndustryActivity47AnnexB:SuggestedAspectsofanEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentofHydropowerProjects51AnnexC:AssessmentandProvisionofInstreamEnvironmentalFlows(EFlows)54AnnexD:Glossary60Acknowledgments | iiiAcknowledgmentsThisIFCGoodPracticeNoteonEnvironmental,Health,andSafetyApproachesforHydropowerProjects(2018)ispartoftheGoodPracticeSeries,whichprovidesguidancefromtheEnvironment,SocialandGovernanceSustainabilityAdvice&SolutionsDepartmentoftheInternationalFinanceCorporation(IFC).TheGoodPracticeSeriesseekstosharein