高中英语语法同位语从句(32张PPT)

AppositiveClausenounclauses名词性从句subjectiveclause主语从句objectiveclause宾语从句predicativeclause表语从句appositiveclause同位语从句1.名词性从句的引导词that,whether,if,asifwhat,which,who,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whosewhen,where,why,how连词：连接代词：连接副词：2.如何判断从句？宾语从句：位于及物动词或介词之后表语从句：位于连系动词之后主语从句：位于句首，即在谓语动词之前1.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.2.Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.3.HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.4.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.5.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.6.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.主从宾从表从同位语从句宾从主从我不知道你在这儿.Ididn’tknowthatyouwerehere.Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.宾语从句同位语从句Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。名词同位语从句连接词一.同位语从句1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句就叫同位语从句。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact,idea,reason,problem,order,doubt,news,word,hope,truth,wish,promise,belief，advice…4.连词that/whether/who/whom/whose/whichwhat/when/where/why/how同位语从句，即从句在句中作主语或宾语的同位语，是对句子主语或宾语的解释、说明。Ihavenoideathatyouwerehere.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisimportant.Ⅰ.连接词that引导的同位语从句如果同位语从句意义完整，用that连接；that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用，但是不可以省略。Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.1.他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国.（解释说明）如果同位语从句不完整，需用“是否”的含义，只用whether引导,不用if.1.这个问题是否正确还未被证实.Theproblem________isrighthasn’tbeenproved.Ⅱ.连接词whether引导的同位语从句whetherⅢ.连接词代词what/which/whowhom/whose引导的同位语从句e.g1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个.1.Thequestion_____shouldgoabroadhasn’tbeendecidedyet.2.Ihavenoidea______oneIshouldchoose.whichwho(定语)(主语)如果同位语从句意义不完整，需加“什么”“哪个”“谁”等连接代词，需用what,which,who等在从句中充当成分Ⅳ.连接词副词when/where/why/how引导的同位语从句e.g1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2.我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.I’vegotagoodidea_____theyleftearly.2.Thequestion_______weshouldgohasnotbeendecided.whywhere如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”,“什么地点”,“什么原因”,“什么方式”，需用when,where,why,how引导同位语从句。1.同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）注意:1:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.2:Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.（word：n消息）分隔式同位语从句Wordcamethat……消息传来说Newscamethat……消息传来说Astorygoesthat……传说Asayinggoesthat….有一句谚语说1、We’lldiscusstheproblemifthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.2、TheyexpressedthehopetheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.3、Ihavenoideawhereisshe.从句里要用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+…4.Mysuggestionwasthatwecanceledtheexamination.demand，suggestion,proposal等同位语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即:(should)+动词原形sheis.(should)cancelwhetherthat1.Wordcame____ourarmyhadwonthebattleA.whenB.whereC.whatD.that2.Thereismuchchance____Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.A.thatB.whichC.untilD.ifD考考你A3.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it5.Wehaven’tsettledthequestion___itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatBCA大家注意啦！！！同位语从句与定语从句区别:1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）定语从句宾语同位语从句(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的）定语从句是从句对其先行词或前面整个句子的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.Thehope(that)sheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.Let’shaveatryatonce同位语从句：theywouldcometovisitChina对hope进行具体的说明。定语从句：hope充当express的宾语。有些词如可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.(同位语从句)whether,how,whatThenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.news=ourteamhaswonthegameThenews是从句里hetoldme的直接宾语(是同位语从句）（是定语从句）1.Thenewsthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.()2.Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.()3.Haveyouanyideawhohewentwith?()4.Isthereanyhopethattheywillbehomeintime?()5.Theproblemthatyoureferredtodoesn’texistatall.()同位语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：1)Thefact____heusedtobeathiefisknowntoall.2)Weweresurprisedbythefact_________shetoldus.3)Thenextthing____mustbedoneistomakeaplan.that同that/which定that定测试性评价4)Wordcame____ourarmyhadwonthebattle.5)Thepresidenthasgivenanordereveryoneinthecountryshouldprepareforawar____mightlastforseveralyears.6)We'vejustheardawarningontheradio____ahurricaneislikelytocome.that同that同that同1.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。2.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)3.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’tmattertoomuch.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)4.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)5.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)6.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句)用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。7.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.8.Chinaisnolonger____itusedtobe.9.Iamveryinterestedin____heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.10.____weneedismoremoney.whichwhathowWhat11.Thetruth___theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.12._____and_____wewillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.thatWhenwhere