如何实现每头母猪年产30头上市猪

Achieving30P/S/Y如何实现30头猪/头母猪/年PfizerAnimalHealthRoadShowApril18,2012WilliamHollis,DVMCarthageVeterinaryService,Ltd.POBox220Carthage,IL62321Leadership领导Environment环境Genetics遗传性状AI/HeatDetection人工授精和查情PeopleSkill员工技术Nutritioncycle营养周期GiltDevelopment后备母猪管理Acclimatization/Health驯化/健康230PW/S/YPyramid30PW/S/Y金字塔KeyPerformanceIndicators关键生产性能指标3JuanCarlosPinilla,DVM;PICTechnicalService2011分娩率目标窝产仔数平均断奶重断奶日龄关键指标断奶后7天内配种输精次数/配种RelativeImportance相对重要程度4JuanCarlosPinilla,DVM;PICTechnicalService2011指标目标重要性选育体重免疫水平栏舍适应程度生理年龄实际年龄背膘厚度80-90%,淘汰最差的10-20%猪适应力强，距最后免疫3周以上15天以上适应期，实际采食量7-8ibs/天第2次发情GeneticTargets遗传目标5JuanCarlosPinilla,DVM;PICTechnicalService2011关键指标PIC目标平均产仔数平均产活仔数平均断奶数一致性无二胎综合征现象强壮75%以上使用寿命达到3胎6Achieving30Pigs/Sow/Year实现30头猪/母猪/年•Health–Isolation,Biosecurity–Diagnostics,Vaccination•Acclimation–Herdstability–PRRSNegative,SIVStable–Giltsacclimatedpriortobreeding7•健康–隔离，生物安全–诊断，免疫•驯化–猪群稳定性–PRRS阴性,SIV稳定–后备母猪配种前驯化8SowProductivityP1-P7母猪生产力P1-P781012141234567ParityLiveborn13-301211101-9产活仔数胎次91stParityBornAlivevs.AverageLifeCamborough22USA第1胎产活仔数vs.平均寿命8.889.789.5610.1710.4911.1410.9911.8812.248.08.59.09.510.010.511.011.512.012.567891011121314FirstParityBornAliveAverageLifetimeNorthCarolina平均寿命第1胎产活仔数WhatDoWeExpectFromGilts?我们对后备母猪的期望值？•Farrowingrate(highestintheherd)分娩率（猪群中最高）93%•Littersize(TB)产仔数12.8•Bornalive(BA)产活仔数12.2•Weaned/gilt断奶数11.3•HighRetentionratetoP3P3时的高保留率75%•No2ndlitterdip无二胎综合征现象•Lifetimetowean终生提供断奶仔猪数50piglets10PrinciplesofGiltDevelopment后备母猪培育的原则•RecognizetheGiltDevelopmentFacility•SetGoals,ClarifyRoles&ProvideTraining•MeetGiltBreedingTargets•ProvideaSteadyBoarSupply•EvaluatePubertyStimulationinIsolation/AcclimationBarns•认识后备母猪培育的可行性•设定目标，明确职责&提供培训•达到初产母猪繁殖目标•提供稳定的种公猪•评估在隔离/驯化舍的初情诱导11PrinciplesofGiltDevelopment后备母猪培育的原则•StartPubertyStimulation30DaysPriortoMaximumAllowableMarketWeight•IdentifytheMostFertileFemales•BreedontheBasisofWeightandNotAge•AvoidSlowGrowingGilt•UsePharmacologicalAids(PG600)Wisely•EmphasizeDataRecording•在达到最大允许上市体重前30天开始初情刺激•识别繁殖力最强的母猪•根据体重来配种，而不是年龄•避免初产母猪生长过慢•适当使用药物（PG600）•重视数据记录12GiltPoolManagement后备母猪群的管理Objectives•AppropriatenumberofgiltsavailableweeklyWServiceage=200daysWServiceweight300lbs(136.36kg)•Properlyimmunizedanddevelopedfemale目标•每周可配种的后备母猪的大致数量配种日龄=200日龄体重300lbs(136.36kg)•经过合理免疫和培育的母猪13GiltDeveloper培育后备母猪14GettingthenumberofgiltsRight!!!!!!确保后备母猪的数量准确•FivestepProcess–Calculatethenumberofgiltsneeded–Synchronizeat160days–Skipestruscycle–StallorHeat-No-Serverecording–Breed•TheKEYISPLANNINGAHEAD15•五步法–计算所需的后备母猪–160日龄同期诱情–第一次发情不配–栏舍或发情但不配种的记录–配种•关键是提前准备MeetGiltBreedingTargets后备母猪培育目标•Constantsupply•Littleexcess•NOshortage•Bredorready-to-breed•Failure=consequences–Cashflow–Underutilization–Overcrowding16•稳定的供应•略微超量•避免供应不足•配种或准备配种•失败=后果–资金损失–利用不足–过于拥挤SelectableGiltPool可供选择的后备母猪群•125%oftargetgiltneeds•22%won’tcycleduringthe30dboarstimulation=tomarketbelowcriticalwt•Onlyaslastresourceshouldnon-respondersentertheherdasOpportunitygilts17•需要125%的目标后备母猪•在30天的公猪刺激发情期中有22%不会进入发情周期=低于临界体重的猪作为商品猪上市•未发情的小母猪只作为最后备选进入母猪群。Ageatservice,d配种日龄，天240240-260260-280280SEDP-valueParity1第1胎BornAlive活仔数10.210.69.89.70.4.09PigsWeaned断奶数8.99.19.28.70.2.10WEI,d断奶至发情间距，天12.610.210.216.72.2.08%giltsculledendparity1%初产母猪第1胎淘汰率39.531.435.146.05.0.02Youngetal.2003,unpublisheddataAreEarlyRespondersMoreFertile?较早有发情反应是否意味有更好的繁殖力？18KansasStateUniversitySteadyBoarSupply稳定的种公猪供应•Schedule&allocateboars•Teaserboars–Genetics–Highlibido–Vasectomizedor–Epididimectomized–Groups•Giltstoboarpenorarena•15min/dexposure•12gilts:1boar19•公猪的计划和分配•试情公猪–遗传性状–高性欲–切除输精管或–切除双侧附睾–分组•初产母猪到公猪圈舍或运动场•每天15分钟接触•后备母猪vs公猪12:1Nutrition营养•DietsusedinoursystemmeetorexceedNRCrecommendations•Inaddition,wetrytoalignourdietspecificationstothoseofthegeneticcompany’srecommendations•Utilizegoodquality,economicalingredients•本系统的日粮（营养水平）达到或超过NRC推荐量。•而且，我们尽量让日粮水平与育种公司的推荐量一致。•使用品质好，经济实用的原料。GettingofftoaGoodStart一个好的开始Focusingonweightatbreedingornumberofheatnoserves?重点关注配种时的体重还是发情的次数（发情但不配种的次数）？31.132.333.132.832.829.030.031.032.033.034.0135135-148148-159159-170170WeightatfirstbreedingTotalbornover3paritiesTotalBornover3paritiesbytoBreedingWeight,kg后备母猪配种体重与3胎内总产仔数的关系，kgSource:Williamsetal,2005Gestation怀孕期•Documentedstudiesonmaternalnutritiononlifetimeoffspringperformance(Dwyer,etal,Stricklandetal,Cerisueloetal.)•Fetalprogrammingdoesoccur•有关母源营养对其后代终生生产性能影响的研究文献(Dwyer,etal,Stricklandetal,Cerisueloetal.)•胎儿优生计划FeedtoMaximizeBodyCondition饲喂至最佳体况BCS–312.2920.8426.9024.760510152025307g/d10g/d13g/d16g/dSIDLysineintakeNretained(g/d)Nretained(g/d)EffectofdietarylysineonNitrogenretentioninearlygestation(d40-50)aLinearresponse(P0.0001);Quadraticresponse(P=0.0014)cedeSrichanaetal.,2007日粮赖氨酸对妊娠早期氮存留的影响（40-50天）标准回肠可消化赖氨酸摄入量氮存留16.3726.5031.4032.850510152025303510g/d14g/d17g/d21g/dSIDLysineintakeNretained(g/d)Nretained(g/d)EffectofdietarylysineonNitrogenretentioninlategestation(d90-100)aLinearresponse(P0.0001);Quadraticresponse(P0.0001)cdedeSrichanaetal.,2007日粮赖氨酸对妊娠后期氮存留的影响（90-100天）氮存留标准回肠可消化赖氨酸摄入量BumpFeedinginGiltsat100days后备母猪100天时增加饲喂0.0