英汉翻译理论与技巧之长句翻译(课堂PPT)

Chapter4TranslationofLongSentencesTranslationofLongSentences12020/8/24I.ThreeAspectstoThinkaboutI.LogicIbelievethatIspeakforeverysincereandseriousrepresentativeintheUnitedNations—soIamencouragedtobelievebythespeechestowhichwehavealreadylistenedthismorningwhenIsaythattheanniversarymustbeanoccasionforanhonestassessmentofourfailuresinthepast,matchedbyanequallydeterminedwilltodobetterinthefuture,sothatwecanescapefromfrustrationandturntheanniversaryintoaninspirationandanachievement.22020/8/241.Logic①Ibelievethat②IspeakforeverysincereandseriousrepresentativeintheUnitedNations//—③soIamencouragedtobelievebythespeechestowhichwehavealreadylistenedthismorning—//④whenIsaythat⑤theanniversarymustbeanoccasionforanhonestassessmentofourfailuresinthepast,⑥matchedbyanequallydeterminedwilltodobetterinthefuture,⑦sothatwecanescapefromfrustration⑧andturntheanniversaryintoaninspirationandanachievement.32020/8/24⑤这次周年纪念会应该是一个老老实实地评估我们过去失误的大好时机,⑥同时也应该是一个表达我们有同样决心要做好今后工作的大好时机。⑦这样,我们就可免遭挫折,⑧并可把这次周年纪念变成一种鼓舞和成就。④当我讲这番话时,①我相信———③今天上午我们听到的发言也使我相信———②我是代表联合国每一位真诚而严肃的代表讲话的。42020/8/242.TimeSequenceInthewinterof1879,JamesLecky,exchequerclerkfromIreland,andprivatelyinterestedinphonetics,keyboardtemperament,andGaelic,allofwhichsubjectsheimposedonme,draggedmetoameetingofadebatingsocietycalledTheZetetical:ajuniorcopyoftheoncewellknownDialecticalSocietyfoundedtodiscussJohnStuartMill’sEssayonLibertywhenthatwasnew.52020/8/24译文1：詹姆斯·莱基是爱尔兰人，在财政部当职员，他本人对语言学、键盘和声和盖尔语很感兴趣，并把这些课题强加在我身上。1879年冬，他拉我去参加一个辩论会团体举办的会议，该团体叫探索协会。当约翰·斯图尔特·米尔刚刚发表《自由》一文时，成立过一个辩证学会来讨论这篇文章，该学会曾名噪一时，探索协会仿照了辩证协会的模式，只是规模没有它大罢了。译文2：1879年冬，詹姆斯·莱基带我去参加一次辩论会。莱基是爱尔兰人，在财政部当职员，有空喜欢研究语音学，弹弹琴，学习盖尔语。他还硬让我也学这些东西。这次他带我去参加的辩论会是一个名叫“探索学会”的团体举办的。当年约翰·斯图尔特·米尔的文章《论自由》刚刚发表的时候，成立过一个“论辩学会”来讨论这篇文章，该学会曾名噪一时，探索学会就是仿照论辩学会建立起来的，只是没有它那么有名罢了。62020/8/243.Space(1).Imaginealonelywhitewashedsteadingsetonaraindrenchedlochamidferociousmountainsrisingintogreymist,withlong-hornedcattle,likeeldersofthechurch,sternlymunchingthistlesintheforeground.72020/8/243.Space(1).试想一座刷着白灰的小农庄，孤零零地坐落在雨水浸淫的湖泊上，四周环绕着阴森森的群山。山峰直插入灰蒙蒙的雾霭之中，门前有长角牛群，象苏格兰教会长老那样神情严肃地在咀嚼蓟草。82020/8/243.Space(2).Forlongvacantmoments,shestaredatthesky,hereyesfillingwithtears,hervisionabsorbedtheilluminatedwatertowertwomilesnorthofthecampus,theflickeringredlightsofaradiostation,thepassageofcloudsblownlividacross.92020/8/243.Space(2).她久久凝视着夜空，茫茫然，不禁热泪盈眶。她遥望着校园以北两英里处那灯火辉煌的水塔，广播电台那摇曳的红光和随风从月下飘过的朵朵灰云。102020/8/24II.TwoStagesandSevenStepsinTranslatingaLongSentenceStageI:ComprehensionStep1:presentthelongsentenceinaskeletonform.Step2:inferthemainideafromthecontextandthewholetextStep3:distinguishbetweentheprincipalandsubordinateelementsStep4:findouttheinterrelationsbetweenprincipalandsubordinateclauses112020/8/24II.TwoStagesandSevenStepsinTranslatingaLongSentenceStageII:PresentationStep5:enteronatentativetranslationofeachsentencedivisionStep6:rearrangementandsynthesisStep7:finishingtouches122020/8/24III.WaysofTranslatingLongSentences1.SynchronizingSomeEnglishlongsentencesmaygenerallybebuiltinthesametimesequence(actualtimeorderofactionorlogicalorder)asthatinChinese,then,itiseasytofollowtheoriginalorderintranslation.132020/8/24Alwaysobeyyourparents---whentheyarepresent.父母的话总是要听的---当然是他们在身边的时候。Modernscientificdiscoveriesleadtotheconclusionthatenergymaybecreatedfrommatterthatinturnmaybecreatedfromenergy.现代科学的发展得出这样的结论：物质可以产生能量，能量又可以产生物质。Recentbreakthroughsinphysics,madepossibleinpartbyfantasticnewtechnologies,suggestanswerstosomeoftheselong-standingquestions.最近，物理学的研究之所以取得了一些突破，部分应归功于新技术的飞速发展；而这些物理学上的突破对于回答那些长期以来悬而未决的某些问题是有所启发的。142020/8/24Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.凡有产业的单身汉，总要娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理饶有家资的单身男子必定想要娶妻室，这是举世公认的真情实理。举世公认，一个拥有一大笔钱财的单身男人，必定想娶一个女人做太太。这已成为一条真理。世间有这样一条公认的真理――凡财产丰厚的单身男人势必想娶个太太。152020/8/24TranslationofLongSentencesII.ReversingEnglishlongsentences,simpleorcomplicated,maynotinmanycasesarrangedthemselvesinthesametimeorlogicalsequenceasthatinChinese.Henceintranslationwehavetoinvert,partlyorcompletely,theorderoftheoriginal.162020/8/24Itispopularforthefineviewsfromthesummitofthemountain.从山顶远眺，湖光山色，尽收眼底；这儿风景绝佳，遐迩闻名。172020/8/24Aristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavefewerteeththanmen,bythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.Asristotletokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted.原译：亚里士多德本来能够避免这个错误的认识，即女人的牙齿比男人要少些；他只要用这个简单的方法，就是请亚里士多德夫人张开嘴巴，让他来数就行了。改译：亚里士多德认为女人的牙齿比男人少，其实，他只要自己的夫人张一张口让他数一数，本是可以避免这个错误的。182020/8/24Andheknewhowashamedhewouldhavebeenifshehadknownhismotherandthekindofplaceinwhichhewasborn,andthekindofpeopleamongwhomhewasborn.他出生在这一类人中间，他出生在这种地方，他有这样的母亲，这些要是让她知道了的话，他知道该多么丢人。192020/8/24TranslationofLongSentencesIII.SplitalongsentenceintoshorterpartsorsentencesSometimesinalongsentencethemainclauseandthesubordinateclauseormodifiersarenotsocloselyrelatedinsensethatitmaybesplitintoseveralpartsorsentencesintranslationtoconformwiththeChinesewayofbuildingsentences.202020/8/24Inthewinterof1879,JamesLecky,exchequerclerkfromIreland,andprivatelyi