您好,欢迎访问三七文档
简单句的五种基本句型江西省临川一中李丹系列之一简单句五种基本句型1主谓结构(Subject+Verb)2主谓宾结构(Subject+Verb+Object)3主系表结构(Subject+Link-v+Object)4主谓宾宾结构(Subject+Verb+Indirect+Object+DirectObject)5主谓宾宾补结构(Subject+Verb+Object+Complement)1主谓结构:主语+谓语(不及物动词)常见的不及物动词和短语有:arrive,walk,fall,rise,happen,exist,ride,occur,agree,flow,takeplace,breakout,comeabout等。Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.1)李明学习很努力。LiMingworksveryhard.2)事故是昨天下午发生的。Wehavelivedinthecityfortenyears.3)我们住在这个城市已十年了。2主谓宾结构:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语这种句型中的谓语动词必须是及物动词或动词短语。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。1)Hetookhisbagandleft.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。3主系表结构:主语+系动词+表语1)Be动词(am,is,are)2)感官系动词(sound/look/smell/taste/feel)这种句型中的谓语动词为系动词,无被动语态,也无进行时态。常见的系动词五类:1)HeisfromShanghai.他来自上海。2)Itsoundsagoodidea.这听起来是个不错的主意。Helookedworriedjustnow.刚才他看上去有些焦急。Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。3)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.这棵树比以前长得高多了。4)Thefoodcankeepfreshinthefridge.食物在冰箱里可以保持新鲜。3)变化类(become/get/grow/turn/go/fall/run)4)持续系动词(remain/keep/hold/stay)5)表象系动词(seem/appear/look)4主谓宾宾结构:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即(指人的)“间接宾语”和(指物的)“直接宾语”,这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,而间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或是为谁做的。双宾语句型结构常有下面两种:(1)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(2)主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Hegavemeabook/abooktome.他给我一本书。Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome.他把座位让给我。Mothercooksusmeals/mealsforuseveryday.母亲天天为我们做饭。Fatherboughtmeabook/abookforme.父亲给我买了一本书。He’swarnedmeofthedanger.他警告我注意危险。注意:直接宾语是代词(it/them/him/her等)时,要将代词先放在及物动词后,然后再用介词引出间接宾语。如:ThisbookisTom’s.Pleasegiveittohim.这本书是汤姆的。请给他。“宾语补足语”就是对“宾语”进行“补充、说明”的成分。“宾语+宾语补足语”又称为“复合宾语”。在复合宾语中,作宾语的常是名词或代词;作补足语的则常是名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)及分词(短语)等。之所以有些动词后面要跟一个“宾语”,再跟一个“宾语补足语”,是因为,如果他们后面只跟一个“宾语”的话,好像“话还没有说完(半截话),句意还完整”,必须要再接一些内容,对“宾语”加以“补充、说明”,以使句意明确。如:5主谓宾宾补结构:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Heoftenmakeshisparents.(错句。句子结构不完整,句意不清楚。)Heoftenmakeshisparentsangry.(正确的句子。句子结构完整,句意清楚。)Weelectedhimourmonitor.我们选他做班长。Shealwayskeepsherroomcleanandtidy.她总是使房间保持干净整洁。Iwouldlikeyoutogotherethisafternoon.我愿意让你今天下午去那儿.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.对不起让你久等了。Whendidyoulasthaveyourhaircut?你上一次理发是什么时候?4主谓宾宾结构:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,指人的宾语为间接宾语,指物的宾语为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。Hegavemesomebeautifulphotos.双宾语结构只能跟在某些及物动词后,主要有三类动词:1)give,tell,teach,write,bring,lend,hand,show,offer,send,pay,pass,allow,return等。这类动词后也可以把间接宾语放在后面,但是要用介词to引导。Pleasegivemeabook.Pleasehandmeadictionary.=Pleasegiveabooktome.=Pleasehandadictionarytome.2)buy,do,get,fetch,save,make,sing,choose等。这类动词也可以把间接宾语放在后面,但是用介词for引导。Hisfatherboughtherabike.=Hisfatherboughtabikeforher.Mymothermademeabeautifulcoat.=Mymotherboughtabeautifulcoatforme.3)ask,answer,take,cost等。这类动词无法改变结构形式。MayIaskyouaquestion?Thecoatcostme1000yuan.Ittookmethreehourstofinishthework.5主谓宾宾补结构:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语该结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词,非谓语动词,形容词,副词或介词短语等充当。1)常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有:call,name,elect,make,appoint,leave,consider,keep,wish等WecallhimMrLi.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.2)常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,wish,consider,prove,leave,paint,drive等Ibelievehimhonest.Hedidn’tconsiderhimself(tobe)important.3)只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有:catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Myteacherkeptmedoinghomethewholeafternoon.4)只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:wish,expect,prefer,encourage,allow,permit,remind,ask,invite,request,persuade,command,require,force,forbid等Iwishyoutohaveahappylife.Iwouldpreferyounottochangeyourmind.Wedon’tallowyoutosmokehere.5)既能用分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,hate,get,set,leave等Isawhimenterthehall.Isawhimtakenoutofthehall.Iheardagirlcryinginthenextroom.Thankyouforyourlistening
本文标题:五种基本句型
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-6848779 .html