英语初高中衔接专题汇总

初高中英语衔接专题一：名词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】一、名词的数1．单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors。（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classesbox→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。（3）以ce,se,ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities,factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys,day→days。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves,half→halves。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法情况读法例词在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s]cups,hats,cakes在[s][z][t][d3][F][iz]glasses,pages,等音后oranges,buses,watches,faces在[b][d][g][v]等浊辅音后[z]beds,dogs,cities,knives（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→micegoose---geese【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；man,woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers，womenteachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people,police等。Personapoliceman（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics,mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名词：news,falls2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any,agreatdealof等表示多少，例如：Many,afew,agreatnumberofTherichmanhasalotofmoney．Thereissomemilkinthebottle．Isthereanywaterintheglass？Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice．（2）用apieceof这类定语，例如：apieceofpaper,apieceofwood,apieceofbreadabottleoforange,aglassofwater（milk）,acupoftea如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：abagofrice,threebagsofricetwocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater不可数名词也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s'，例如：astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes。2.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：Children'sDay。Teachers’day,theStudents’Union3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's，例如：atwentyminutes'walk，tenmiles'journey，aboat'slength，twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：amapofChina，theendofthisterm，thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。5.双重所有格，例如：afriendofmyfather's。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John'sandMary'srooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom'sandMary'sbikes（两人各自的自行车）。John'sandMary'srooms_are___(be)big.两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：JohnandMary'sroom（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；TomandMary'smother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。JohnandMary'sroom__is___(be)inthethirdfloor.【演练】1．---Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?---I’vebeento______.A.theHenryhouseB.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry’shomeD.Henry’s2．InEngland,if____isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.foodB.lunchC.breakfastD.dinner3．Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven’tfoundit.Whynottry____.A.threetimesB.athirdtimeC.thethirdtimeD.once4．---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?---Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters5．Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday.A.toothB.feetC.handD.ear6．Thereissome_______ontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears7．The______hastwo_______.A.boys;watchesB.boy;watchC.boy;watchesD.boys;watch8．Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths9．---It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.---ButIthinkweshouldlet_______gooutfirst.A.womanandchildrenB.womenandchildC.womanandchildD.womenandchildren10．Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_______?A.Children’sDayB.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDay11.Jimisoneofhis_friends_______(friend).12.Therearemany__oxen_____(ox)onthefarm.13.Mary’sdressissimilarinappearancetoherelder_______sister’s_____(sister).14.Therearetwoimportant_reasons_____(reason)whyweofferyouthegoodsnow.15.Shehastwo__babies______(baby).Lastweek,shetook___them__totakemany__photos____(photo).【练习答案】1.D2.B3.B4.B5.B6.B7.C8.C9.D10.BMichellehasfinallyrealizedoneofherlifelong______(dream).Shealwayswantedtoattendthecooking_______(school)thatheradviser,Mr.Brown,attended.Theschool,whichisinParis,acceptsonly80_________(student)every_____(year).Thestudentswhoareacceptedgenerallyhaveatleastthree_______(year)ofcooking________(experience).Michellehasfiveyearsofpaidexperience.The________(project)whichattractedMr.Brown’s________(attention),however,wasacakeMichellemadeforawedding.Mr.BrownhadnevertastedacakethatwasashighandcreamyastheoneMichellemade.HegaveMichellehiscardandinvitedhertobake_cakes_____(cake)athisrestaurantsbeginningthenextmonth.Itwashisinvitationthatbeganhercareerbakingforalargerestaurant.Nowsheiswaitingforthe______(plane)toParis.、名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-