高一必修一语法定语从句全面讲解

定语从句一.关系代词：1、who,whom,that限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwhom/that(可省略)whose指物which/thatwhich/that(可省略)whose指人和物thatthatwhose非限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人whowhomwhose/ofwhom指物whichwhichwhose/ofwhich二.关系副词：1、why：关系副词why主要用于修饰表原因的名词（主要是thereason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如：Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tshowup.与关系副词when和where不同，why可以换成that或省略。如：That’soneofthereasons(why,that)Iaskedyoutocome.2、when：关系副词when主要用于修饰表时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如：Therecomesatimewhenyouhavetomakeachoice.Gonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheyliked.We’llputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.Don’tforgetthetimeI’vetoldyou.3.关系副词where主要用于修饰表地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如：Thisisthevillagewherehewasborn.BarbarywasworkinginAubury,whereshewentdailyinabus.☆HeworksinafactorymakesTVsets.另外注意，where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句。如：Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.Therearecaseswheretheword“mighty”isusedasanadverb.Hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.Idon’twantajobwhereI’mchainedtoadeskallday.关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：A.Iknowaplacewecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplaceisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.C.Thisisthereasonhewasdismissed.Thisisthereasonheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.三.辨析限制性与非限制性定语从句：1.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.2.TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.。3.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.4.Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.5.InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.6.LastsummerIvisitedthePeople’sGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.四.限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1．当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.4．当先行词被thevery,theonly,thejust修饰时。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.5．当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?/WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：TheytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschoolLookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.五、关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，用法不尽相同，具体情况是：1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。1.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。如：I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells./Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Thisisthesamedictionaryashelentmelastweek.(同一类)2.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.(同一个)。六、以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.七、在定语从句中，allthat相当于引导名词性从句的what，例如：AllthatIknowisthathehasmadeuphismindtoheavethecountryforanewplace.=whatIknowisthat……八、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineyouasked.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboyIplayedtenniswithyesterday.We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.We’llgotohearthefamoussingerwehaveoftentalked.ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagercompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)。Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）2．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.