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1宾语从句一、宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。(1)他说他是一名医生。宾语从句做(2)他期盼着你能早点回来:Heislookingforwardtothat.从句做(3)我听到那个信息很难过.Iwassadthat宾语从句做根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:(1)他说他想待在家里。Hesaidhe.(2)她不知道她病得很重。Shedoesn’tknow.(3)我确信他会成功的。Iamsure。.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。连接代词在宾语从句中做主语、宾语或定语等;连接副词在宾语从句中充当状语。例如:(1)Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Who做翻译句(2)Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.Whose做翻译(3)CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Where做翻译(4)Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.Why做翻译3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句或选择疑问句充当的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。例如:(1)Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.翻译(2)Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.翻译(3)我们相信他说的话。Webelieve.只能用whether不能用if的情况:1)在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导所有的一切都依赖于我们是不是有足够的钱。Everythingwehaveenoughmoney。2)宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.我不知道那位电影明星会不会来。Idon’tknowthemoviestarornot.3)和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.是不是要去那里还没有定。thereornothasn’tbeendecided.我们问了他,是否马上走。Weaskedhimleaveatonce.注意:(1)that引导的宾语从句的语序是陈述语气,宾语从句的主句的动词也是具有陈述语气的动词,如;say,tell,know,think,believe,I’msure,I’mglad........(2)if,whether,特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句是疑问语气,宾语从句的主句动词或句型也具有疑问语气,一般情况下主句可以是否定句、问句或具有疑问语气的动词。如:Ask,wonder,wanttoknow,I’mnotsure,Idon’tknow,Canyoutellme?等。二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序。例如:(1)我听说物理容易。Ihear.(2)我认为你会喜欢这个学校的。Ithinksoon.(3)你能告诉我如何才能到动物园?2Canyoutellme?注意;(1)陈述句充当宾语从句,是陈述语序,语序不变。(2)特殊疑问词做主语,问句的语序是陈述语序,否则是疑问语序。(3)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句)充当宾语从句,语序是疑问语序,如何将疑问语序改为陈述语序:一去、二还、三去又还。一去:去助动词do。二还:把be,情态动词,助动词have/has还原到原来陈述句的位置上;三去又还:把does去掉,第三人称单数还原到原来的谓语动词上;把did去掉,还原过去式。判断下列句子是否是疑问语序,如果是请将其改为陈述语序:(1)What’syourname?(2)What’swrongwithyou?(3)Whathappenedtoyou?(4)Whatdidyousay?(5)Whatdoeshetellyou?(6)WhendoyougetuponSunday?(7)Whatmakeshimsad?(8)Whoseshirtisthis?(9)MustIfinishmyhomework?(10)Whydon’tyougotoschool?三、宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,1.主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。3.如果从句的过去动作发生在主句过去动作之前,则从句要用过去完成时。4.如果从句的过去动作发生在主句过去动作之后,则从句要用过去将来时。例:1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaidthatsheastudent.2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.ShesaidthatsheflytoJapaninaweek.3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.Shesaidthatsheherhomeworkalready.4)Hesaidhe(be)toHongkongtwice.5)他说他几天后才能回来。Hesaidbackinafewdays.3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。例:Theteachersaidthattheearth(go)roundthesun.HetoldmethatJapan(be)anislandcountry.注意:时态变化规则:当主句是一般过去时时,从句时态做如下变化。一般现在时---一般过去时;现在进行时---过去进行时;一般将来时---过去将来时;现在完成时---过去完成时;一般过去时---过去完成时;客观真理永不变。四、宾语从句的否定转移1.当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。(1)Ithinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.(否定句)(2)我相信他是不会来的。hecomehere.2.主句的谓语动词think,believe,suppose,expect,等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。(1)Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,?(2)IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,she/he?(3)Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,?3.如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词,如:unhappy,unfair,dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.(1)Heneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,?(2)sheneedsnohelp,?(3)Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,?(4)Sheexpectsthatwearecomingsosoon,?五、宾语从句的简化1.当主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如:LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopesverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.→Wehim.32.当主句谓语动词是know,remember,forget,tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenthewindow.注:当主句谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?→Couldyoutellmetothestation?注意:规则是:去主去情家to。3.某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。例如:Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedwithus.(insistondoingsth)4.某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语”结构。例如:LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.→LiuPingfoundawalletontheground.(findsb/sthdoingsth)5.动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如:Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.→Theboysseemed.(Itseemsthat=seemtodo/adj.)除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如:IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficultEnglishwell.(finditadjtodosth)Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundthebox.(宾语补足语:findsb/sthadj.)宾语从句练习一.用合适的连接词填空1.WangHaitoldme_____hedidn'tgohikingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)2.Canyoutellme______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday(who,whom)3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.(how,who)5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.(howlong,howsoon)6.Theydon'tknow_______wearegoinghiking.(when,what)7.Shewantedtoknow_______hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.(when,if)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.(what,who)9.Idon'tknow______somanypeoplecrowdingroundhim.(how,why)10.Doyouknow______shirtitis(whose,who's)二.选择题1.Idon'tknow_____hewillbebackhome.A.whoB.whatC.whenD.where2.Couldyoutellme___________A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein3.Doyoustillremember_______A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay4.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft5.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen6.Theyt
本文标题:宾语从句讲练
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