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语法难点突破之八——特殊句式语法专题突破特殊句型一、倒装句1.全部倒装(1)在Therebe/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。Look,there’sthatbookshopIwastellingyouabout.(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,out等置于句首时,为使生动地描述情景而采用倒装语序。此时,句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。Theregoesthephone.I’llanswerit.(3)such作表语置于句首时。SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanbutthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。“Ifyoudie,whowillgetyourmoney?”askedHolmes.(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。Inthecenterofthesquarestandsamonument.(6)为平衡句子结构,或使上下文衔接紧密,而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首,引起倒装。GoneforeverarethedayswhentheChinesepeoplehadtouseforeignoil.2.部分倒装在下列几种情况下,只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前,构成部分倒装。(1)little,never,not,seldom,neither,nor,hardly,rarely,seldom,bynomeans,atnotime,undernocircumstances,innocase等表示否定意义的单词和短语位于句首时。Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink.(2)在not...until...,nosooner...than...,scarcely/hardly...when...,notonly...butalso...,neither...nor...等句式中。Neitherdoeshedrinknorsmoke.(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。OnlythendidIfindIhadmadeamistake.(4)在so/such...that...从句中,当so+形容词/副词或such+名词位于句首时。Soexhaustedwasshethatshewantedtohavearest.(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时,常用so/as+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“……也是……”。TimeshavechangedandsohaveI.(6)当neither,nor位于句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时,常用neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“……也不……”。Theycouldn’tunderstanditatthattime,andnorcouldwe.(7)省略if的虚拟条件句,把助动词were,had,should提到主语前面。Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,weshouldn’thaveachievedsomuch.(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。Tryasshemight,Suecouldn’tgetthedooropen.(9)“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,通常把may置于句首,构成倒装语序。Mayyousucceed!二、强调句1.使用助动词do,does和did对谓语动词进行强调。Firstimpressionsreallydocount.2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语以外的其他句子成分。强调句型的基本句型结构为:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语成分。在复习强调句型时,要注意以下几个方面:(1)强调句型中的主谓一致在强调句型中,当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时,无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数,主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式Itis/was...,同时,that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。Itismyparentsthat/whooftenhelpmegetoutoftrouble.(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时,只能用连接词that,而不能用when,where,why或how等。ItwasonAugust8,2008that29thSummerOlympicGameswereopenedinBeijing.(3)强调句型的疑问句在强调句中,无论被强调部分是什么句子成分,变为一般疑问句时,都须将主句改为疑问语序,即将“Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分”改为“Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that+其他成分?”或“疑问词+is/wasitthat+其他成分?”结构。Wasitherfailingherexamthatmadeherparentsunhappy?Whenwasitthatshechangedhermind?(4)在对not...until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时,要将句中的not移至until之前,构成:Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式,而且不再采用倒装语序。Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.=ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.三、注意事项1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序,不可用疑问语序。Heaskedmewhoitwasthattookhisumbrellabymistake.2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。在强调句型结构中,其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句Itis/was...保持一致。ItisMarynotyouwhowantstoaskmeaboutthatmatter,isn’tit?3.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。在高考试题中,为了增加试题的难度,命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来,使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子,理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。ItwasonthefarmwhereweworkedthatIgottoknowher.4.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时,去掉“itis/was”和连词“that”原句仍然完整。而在时间状语从句中,若去掉“itis/was”和连词“when/before”,原句不完整。Itwasat14∶28thattheterribleearthquakebrokeout.(强调句型)Itwas14∶28whentheterribleearthquakebrokeout.(状语从句)感悟高考1.ItwasalongtheMississippiRiverMarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.(2008·天津,8)A.howB.whichC.thatD.where解析此处构成Itwas...that...强调句式,句中强调了介词短语alongtheMississippiRiver。C2.Thecomputerwasusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonly,butstudentsbecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.(2009·宁夏,31)A.savedwasteachers’energyB.wasteachers’energysavedC.teachers’energywassavedD.wassavedteachers’energy解析句意为:电脑在教学中应用,结果不仅节省了老师的精力,也使学生对课堂更感兴趣。在notonly...butalso...连接的句子中,如果notonly放在句首则本句用部分倒装,但butalso连接的句子则不用,故选B。B3.youeatthecorrectfoodsbeabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.(2008·江苏,32)A.Onlyif;willyouB.Onlyif;youwillC.Unless;willyouD.Unless;youwill解析句意为:只有吃适当的食物,你才能够保持……onlyif位于句首时,主句应用部分倒装形式。A领悟语法Ⅰ.用适当的结构或所给单词的适当形式填空1.—Whycan’tIsmokehere?—Atnotime(smoking,permit)inthemeetingroom.2.Shewasregretfulandwasn’tinterestedinanythingaroundher.hercoach.issmokingpermittedSoitwaswith3.—DidyouknowanyFrenchbeforeyouarrivedinParis?—Never(I,learn)it,actually.4.Nowhereelse,ashismothertoldus,(he,go)exceptthecabininthebackyard.5.InnoplaceotherthanBritain(one,can)experiencefourseasonsinasingleday.hadIlearneddidhegocanoneⅡ.单项填空1.Solittlethattheneighborcouldnotsettletheirdifference.A.theyagreedB.theydidagreeC.agreedtheyD.didtheyagree解析否定副词置于句首时要用部分倒装。D2.—Themanhasgreatdeterminationandnevergivesuphalfway.—.A.SodoyouB.NeitherdoyouC.SoiswithyouD.Itisthesamewithyou解析当表达前者的情况适合于后者,而这种情况既有否定也有肯定时,用Itisthesamewith...或Soitiswith...。D3.Itwasn’tuntilthe2010CCTVSpringFestivalGala(央视春晚).A.didtheformerpopbandLittleTigerreuniteB.thattheformerpopbandLittleTigerreunitedC.thendidtheformerpopbandLittleTigerreuniteD.whentheformerpopbandLittleTigerreunited解析这是not...until的强调句型。B4.—Annlookshotanddry.—Soyouifyouhadahighfever.A.doB.areC.willD.would解析ifyouhadahighfever表示对现在情况的虚拟,故在表示前者的情况适合后者的句型“so+倒装结构”中用would。D5.Onlywhenyouleaveyourparentsforcollegeeducationhowmuchyoulovethem.A.doyourealizeB.yourealizeC.youwillrealizeD.willyourealize解析only修饰状语从句置于句首时用部分倒装。D6.Notuntilthetrainpulledintothenextstationhersuitcasegone.A.MaryhadfoundB.hadMaryfoundC.MaryfoundD
本文标题:高中英语特殊句式精编课件
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