非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词非谓语动词:1动词不定式2动名词3分词(现在分词；过去分词)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式todo例如：IliketoreadEnglish.2．进行式tobedoing例如：Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.3．完成式tohavedone例如：Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.4．被动式tobedone例如：Theworkistobedonesoon.5．完成被动式tohavebeendone例如：Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.二.动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth（是形容事物的性质的）Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.II.作宾语接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere(1)常见动词有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等Theywanted____(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．»Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought_better___startearly.2.Doyouconsider___betternot__go?3.Ifeel__myduty__changeallthat.4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.5.Iknow_impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过trytodo企图做，尽力做trydoing试着做goontodo继续做（另一件事）goondoing继续做（同一件事）meantodo打算做meandoing意味做1InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_______foranotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaiting2Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose3Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(4)在cannotbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不带to的不定式Ihavenochoicebut__towait_____.（wait）“前有do,后无to”Ican’tdoanythingbut_go__(go)outwithher.III.作宾语补足语1.I’llgetsomeone___repairtherecorderforyou.2.Whatcausedhim___changehismind?advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：（1）在动词feel（一感），hear,listento（二听），have,let,make（三让），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.Heisoftenheard______(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_____(cry),todayhewasmade____(cry)byhisdeskmate.IV．作定语Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.4)不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopentowritewith（写）V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.对比TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.TolearnEnglishwell,agooddictionaryisneeded.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.动名词一.动名词的基本构成：动词+ing。具有动词和名词的性质。主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.二.动名词的用法⑴Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.（作主语）⑵Myjobislookingafterchildren.（作表语）⑶Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.（作宾语）⑷Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.（做定语）注意：下列动词后只能用动名词：admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,,practice,miss,resist.e.g.Hefinishedreadingthenovelintwodays.Iamconsideringgoingtherebybicycle.IsuggestedputtingoffthemeetingtillnextWednesday.Iamsorrytomisscatchingthefirstbus.下列词组后只能用动名词：be/getusedto,can’thelp/stop,can’tstand,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),bebusy(in),putoff,payattentionto,insiston等等。e.g.HehasbeenusedtolivingIthecityaftersomanyyearshavepassed.Idon’tlikegoingtoseethefilmnow.①Shesattherewithout_____(speak)②Ilookforwardto_____(see