高中英语倒装句型讲解与练习

倒装（教师版）英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后。但是如果把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫倒装结构。一.如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;二.如果只把助动词或be动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。三如果只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装，这样的结构叫做形式倒装.下面就以上三种倒装进行讲解并练习。一.全部倒装：1.a）用于therebe句型。Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom.主语位于谓语are之后。原句自然顺序是：Manystudentsarethereintheclassroom..Therearedifferentformsofenergy.b）在“there+be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等。Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.Thereliesalargewheatfieldinfrontofthehouse.Manyyearsagotherelivedanoldmaninthewoodenhouse.2.用于“(here,there,now,then，such)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中。a.Herecomesthebus.b.Theregoesthebell.c.Nowcomesourturn.d.Outwentthechildren.e.Sucharehiswords.f.Suchisthestory.3.以out,in,up,down,away,ahead,over等副词开头的句子里面,表示强调。Incametheteacher.Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。Aheadsatanoldwoman.即时练习：1）Herecomesanexcellentstewardess。来了位优秀的女乘务员。2）Downwenttheexpert.专家下来了。3）Outrushedtheenthusiasticpainter.热情的画家冲了出去。4）_______andcaughtthemouse.A.UpthecatjumpedB.ThecatupjumpedC.UpjumpedthecatD.Jumpedupthecat5）Over_______,dead.A.rollingthegoatB.rolledthegoatC.didthegoatrollD.thegoatrolled6)Thedooropenedandthere________.A.entersanoldmanB.enteredanoldmanC.didanoldmanenterD.anoldmanentered注意：代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。Hereitis.Inhecomes.即时练习：1）Awayhewent他出去了。2）Inshecame她进来了。3）.—Whereismyshirt,mum?—_________.A.ThereisitB.ThereitisC.ThereisD.Hereisit4）.—Whereisyourfather?—Oh,________.A.herehecomesB.heherecomesC.heredoeshecomeD.herecomeshe3.当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时,也常引起全部倒装。请观察以下句子:Tothesouthofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.Underthetreestandsalittleboy.总结：划线的均是表示地点状语,位于句首。即时练习：1）Underabigtree________,halfasleep.A.didsatafatmanB.afatmansatC.didafatmansatD.satafatman2)________playingsoldiers.A.InsidetheroomweretwoboysB.InsidetheroomtwoboysC.WeretwoboysinsidetheroomD.Insidetheroomwastwoboys4.有时，句子的主语较长，或是为了强调表语和状语，常将他们放在句首，同时颠倒主语和谓语的位置,使句子平衡。请观察以下句子:(1)介词＋连系动词＋主语AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.(2)形容词＋连系动词＋主语PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.(3)过去分词＋连系动词＋主语Gonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheyliked.(4)表示方位的状语+谓语+主语Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.即时练习：1)._______whowaswoundedinthestomach.A.AmongthemwereasoldierB.AmongthemwasasoldierC.AmongthemasoldierwasD.Amongtheywasasoldier2）PresentatthemeetingwerePresidentLiu,ProfessorZhangandothers.出席会议的人有刘主席，张教授和其他人。3）GoneforeverarethedayswhenweChinesewerepressed。中国人受压迫的日子已经一去不复返了。4）Theyarrivedatthespacestation，insidewhichstoodarobot.他们到达了太空站里面站在个机器人。二：部分倒装1.用于疑问句。DoyouspeakEnglish?但是疑问句中,如果疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语,主谓不倒装。Whathappenedtoher？她出了什么事？Howmanypeopleareworkinginthatlaboratory？有多少人在那间实验室里工作？2.1）用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,little,rarely,nowhere,atnotime,btnomeans,innoway,innocase,onnocondition,onnoaccount,notonly等否定词开头的句子里。请观察以下句子:（1）NevershallIdothisagain.（2）Atnotimecanyousay“no”totheorder.（3）Seldomdoesheeatbreakfast.（4）NotonlydidhespeakEnglishcorrectly,butalsohespeaksitfluently总结：如果notonly…butalso请比较Notonlymenbutalsowomenandchildrenareaffectedbythenewlaw.连接的是两个并列的主语不倒装2）用于Nosoonerhaddonesth…than…did…,Hardly/scarcelyhad…when…did…（以上短语表示“一……就”之意）和not…until…的句型中。Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthantheclassbegan.Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhishomework.即时练习：a）Notonce______theirplan.A.didtheychangeB.theychangedC.changedtheyD.theydidchangeb）.Never______suchawonderfulplaceasHangzhou.A.areseeingB.hadIseenC.IhaveseenD.haveIseenc）Seldom______TVduringtheday.A.theywatchB.aretheywatchingC.havetheywatchedD.dotheywatchd）Nowhere______asinmygarden.A.theflowersweresobeautifulB.weretheflowerssobeautifulC.sobeautifulweretheflowersD.sobeautifultheflowersweree).Hardly________hishomeworkwhenhewentout.A.finishedheB.hehadfinishedC.didhefinishD.hadhefinishedf).Scarcely_____finishedtheirhomework______Icameintotheclassroom.A.hadthey;thanB.theyhad;whenC.hadthey;whenD.didthey;wheng).Notonly_______apromise,butalsohekeptit.A.hashemadeB.doeshemakeC.hemadeD.didhemakeh)Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher____________________.A.doesgotothepartyB.goestotheparty.C.gotothepartyD.dogotothepartyi）Notuntilhiscomradescriticizedhim_______toadmithismistake.A.hadhebegunB.beganheC.didhebeginD.doeshebegin3）用于only开头的句子(only位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句)。和not…until…的句型中，部分倒装。观察以下两组句子：OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlythewinnershavetheopportunitytofacethechallenges.总结：如果置于句首的由only引导的词组不是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。即时练习：Onlyafterhebegantoworkcouldherealizethepoweroftheteacher’swords.只有当他开始工作时他才能意识到老师话语的力量。Onlyenthusiasticemployeescanbefitforsuchatoughjob.只有热情的雇员能胜任这样一份艰苦的工作。4）用于so,nor,neither开头的句子,表示重复的内容。此句谓语应与前句谓语结构一致。HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.Myparentsdidn’twatchTVlastnight.Neither(Nor)didI.即时练习：a）Mysonisastudent.SowasIthirtyyearsago.30年前我也是。b)DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?---Idon'tknow,_____.A.nordon'tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon'tcareneitherD.Idon'tcarealso5)在so/such…that的结构中,若so/such置于句首,则句子部分倒装。SodifficultaproblemisitthatIcan’tworkitout.Suchanoblepersonishethatpeopleallrespecthim.即时练习：a)他像个很忠诚的人，所以我们都信任他正常语序应该是：Heseemedsuc