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1状语从句状语:修饰:谓语动词或某个句子的“词,短语,句子”;用来说明谓语动词发生的时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、目的、程度、等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:(1)通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;(2)修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;(3)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须访在时间状语之前;(4)一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:Theboycallsthegirlintheclassroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩(此时intheclassroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时intheclassroom为地点状语),最好写作‘Intheclassroom,theboycallsthegirl.副词(短语)作状语:Theboyneedsapenverymuch./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)Theboyreallyneedsapen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)介词短语作状语:Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)分词(短语)作状语:Hesitsthere,askingforapen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)不定式作状语:Theboyneedsapentodohishomework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.句子做状语:HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.在他来中国之前,他已经掌握了一些中文。Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.我们不会开始的,直到鲍勃来了我们在开始。状语从句种类:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句2总括:类别连词时间状语从句when,whenever,while,as,before,after,since,till,once(一旦)地点状语从句where,wherever原因状语从句because,since,as,for,nowthat(既然,由于)(etc.=andsoon等等)目的状语从句inorderthat(为了,以便),sothat,etc.结果状语从句so…that,sothat,such…that,that,etc.条件状语从句if,unless,as(so)longas,incasethatetc.让步状语从句though,although,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever,as,etc.比较状语从句as…as,so…as,than,etc.方式状语从句as,asif,asthough,etc.1.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如:Itwasraininghard(rainhard下大雨)whengottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalong(沿着走)thelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如:Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout(熄灭).Let’swaituntiltherainstops.Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.Don’tgetoff(从下来)untilthebusstops.【Till是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候,而在那个时刻之后,该事情或状况仍将持续。Until是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候,而讲话的人在自己心里认为,在那个时刻之后,该事情或该状况将中止(不怎么可能持续)。固定组合里frommorningtillnight,till/until是不能替换的,】32.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如:Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.Hewon’tbelateunlessheisill.(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.还有:aslongas/solongas只要....incasethat以防.....3.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如:Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnot(不得;不应该)gothezoo.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:------Whyaren’tgoingthere?------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。例如:Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.A:so…that语such...that可以互换。例如:由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是:“...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句”。例如:Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyever(几乎不,从来不)seeher.4B:such…that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如:Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.(天花板)Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时可以互换。例如:Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so,不用such。例如:Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinema(去看电影)withyou.5.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如:TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.6.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat(为了,以便)引导。例如:Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如:Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)57.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though,eventhough,evenif(尽管,即使)等连词引导。例如:Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.(2)although(though)不能
本文标题:初中状语从句教案
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